APROXIMACION EPIDEMIOLOGICA AL CONOCIMIENTO DE FACTORES NUTRICIONALES EN EL DESARROLLO PREVENCION Y TRATAMIENTO DE HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL ENFERMEDAD CORONARIA Y DIABETES
Abstract
For many decades, dietary therapeutics have begun to be studied and applied in the treatment of these diseases, based on clinical and biochemical research, dedicating efforts to this level of prevention, but it is only in recent decades that epidemiological research has allowed a better understanding of the risk factors that act as multiple etiological agents of different natures, among which nutritional factors acquire great relevance as causal and/or predictive links that allow health actions from the level of primary prevention.
Cardiovascular diseases, as well as other chronic noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, have acquired prominent importance in morbidity and mortality in most Latin American and Caribbean countries, mainly due to the increase in life expectancy, better knowledge of mortality and the influence of socio-cultural factors linked to the process of urbanization and industrialization that are modifying the “way of life”. In Latin America, the population aged 65 years and over will increase from 14.0 million in 1980 to 20.4 million in 1990 and 27.9 million in the year 2000 (1).
Available data on mortality and hospital discharges, as well as data from some population surveys, indicate that arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease account for about 70o/o of the cardiovascular problem in several Latin American countries (1).
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