Epilepsia, actividad física y deporte
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.v30n1a04Palabras clave:
actividad física, deporte, epilepsia, medicina complementariaResumen
Las personas con epilepsia tienden a ser más sedentarias que la población general. Las causas para ello son ignorancia, prejuicio, sobreprotección, temor o vergüenza. No existe sustentación científica que oriente a una limitación del ejercicio en dichas personas. Los estudios indican que son enormes los beneficios del deporte en los individuos afectados de epilepsia. Los aspectos positivos del ejercicio son acondicionamiento físico, protección para la aparición de crisis, alivio emocional, mejores destrezas sociales, mayor adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico, prevención de la osteoporosis y mejora en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus familias. De manera sensata y acorde con las particularidades de cada paciente, se debe prescribir u orientar el tipo de actividad física que se va a realizar. La evidencia disponible sitúa a la actividad física y el deporte en la categoría de terapia complementaria para las personas con epilepsia, que a un bajo costo, logra grandes beneficios. El llamado es a promover estas herramientas como una indicación habitual en los pacientes con epilepsia.
Descargas
Citas
(1.) Organización Mundial de la Salud [Internet]. Nueva York: OMS; 2015 [consultado 2016 Ene 18]. OMS Centro de Prensa Boletín 999. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/mediacenter/factsheets/fs999/es
(2.) World Health Organization. Global burden of epilepsy and the need for coordinated action at the country level to address its health, social and public knowledge implications [Internet]. [cited 2016 Jan 18]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB136/B136_R8-en.pdf
(3.) Carrizosa Moog J. Estigma en epilepsia. Iatreia. 2009 Sep;22(3):246-55.
(4.) Arida RM, Scorza FA, Cavalheiro EA, Perucca E, Moshé SL. Can people with epilepsy enjoy sports? Epilepsy Res. 2012 Jan;98(1):94-5. DOI 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.07.001.
(5.) Elliott JO, Moore JL, Lu B. Health status and behavioral risk factors among persons with epilepsy in Ohio based on the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Epilepsy Behav. 2008 Apr;12(3):434-44. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.12.001.
(6.) Jalava M, Sillanpää M. Physical activity, health-related fitness, and health experience in adults with childhood-onset epilepsy: a controlled study. Epilepsia. 1997 Apr;38(4):424-9.
(7.) Nakken KO. Physical exercise in outpatients with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1999 May;40(5):643-51.
(8.) Steinhoff BJ, Neusüss K, Thegeder H, Reimers CD. Leisure time activity and physical fitness in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1996 Dec;37(12):1221-7.
(9.) Elliott JO, Lu B, Moore JL, McAuley JW, Long L. Exercise, diet, health behaviors, and risk factors among persons with epilepsy based on the California Health Interview Survey, 2005. Epilepsy Behav. 2008 Aug;13(2):307-15. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.04.003.
(10.) Ablah E, Haug A, Konda K, Tinius AM, Ram S, Sadler T, et al. Exercise and epilepsy: a survey of Midwest epilepsy patients. Epilepsy Behav. 2009 Jan;14(1):162-6. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.09.019.
(11.) Arida RM, Scorza FA, de Albuquerque M, Cysneiros RM, de Oliveira RJ, Cavalheiro EA. Evaluation of physical exercise habits in Brazilian patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2003 Oct;4(5):507-10.
(12.) Han K, Choi-Kwon S, Lee SK. Leisure time physical activity in patients with epilepsy in Seoul, South Korea. Epilepsy Behav. 2011 Feb;20(2):321-5. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.11.018.
(13.) Hinnell C, Williams J, Metcalfe A, Patten SB, Parker R, Wiebe S, et al. Health status and health-related behaviors in epilepsy compared to other chronic conditions--a national population-based study. Epilepsia. 2010 May;51(5):853-61. DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02477.x.
(14.) Cui W, Zack MM, Kobau R, Helmers SL. Health behaviors among people with epilepsy--results from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey. Epilepsy Behav. 2015 Mar;44:121-6. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.01.011.
(15.) Wong J, Wirrell E. Physical activity in children/teens with epilepsy compared with that in their siblings without epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2006 Mar;47(3):631-9.
(16.) Gordon KE, Dooley JM, Brna PM. Epilepsy and activity--a population-based study. Epilepsia. 2010 Nov;51(11): 2254-9. DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02709.x.
(17.) Chong J, Kudrimoti HS, Lopez DC, Labiner DM. Behavioral risk factors among Arizonans with epilepsy: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2005/2006. Epilepsy Behav. 2010 Apr;17(4):511-9. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.01.165.
(18.) Saengsuwan J, Boonyaleepan S, Tiamkao S; Integrated Epilepsy Group. Diet, exercise, sleep, sexual activity, and perceived stress in people with epilepsy in NE Thailand. Epilepsy Behav. 2015 Apr;45:39-43. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.02.014.
(19.) Arida RM. Impact of physical exercise therapy on behavioral and psychosocial aspects of epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2014 Nov;40:90-1. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.08.031.
(20.) Vancini RL, de Lira CA, Arida RM. Physical exercise: potential candidate as coping strategy for people with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2013 Jul;28(1):133. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.04.004.
(21.) Gupta R, Aggarwal A. Exercise and rheumatoid arthritis: A low-cost intervention with major benefits. Natl Med J India. 2015 May-Jun;28(3):132-3.
(22.) Gondim OS, de Camargo VT, Gutierrez FA, Martins PF, Passos ME, Momesso CM, et al. Benefits of Regular Exercise on Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Normal Weight, Overweight and Obese Adults. PLoS One. 2015 Oct;10(10):e0140596. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0140596.
(23.) Singleton JR, Smith AG, Marcus RL. Exercise as Therapy for Diabetic and Prediabetic Neuropathy. Curr Diab Rep. 2015 Dec;15(12):120. DOI 10.1007/s11892-015-0682-6.
(24.) Santos-Silva R, Melo C, Concalves D, Coelho J, Carvalho F. Comparison between exercise performance in asthmatic children and health controls – Physical Activity Questionnaire application. Rev Port Pneumol. 2014 May-Jun;20(3):138-45. DOI 10.1016/j.rppneu.2013.11.005.
(25.) Babyak M, Blumenthal JA, Herman S, Khatri P, Doraiswamy M, Moore K, et al. Exercise treatment for major depression: maintenance of therapeutic benefit at 10 months. Psychosom Med. 2000 Sep-Oct;62(5):633-8.
(26.) Werz MA. Idiopathic generalized tonic-clonic seizures limited to exercise in a young adult. Epilepsy Behav. 2005 Feb;6(1):98-101.
(27.) de Lima C, de Lira CA, Arida RM, Andersen ML, Matos G, de Figueiredo Ferreira Guilhoto LM, et al. Association between leisure time, physical activity, and mood disorder levels in individuals with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2013 Jul;28(1):47-51. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.03.016.
(28.) Roth DL, Goode KT, Williams VL, Faught E. Physical exercise, stressful life experience, and depression in adults with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1994 Nov-Dec;35(6):1248-55.
(29.) Nakken KO, Løyning A, Løyning T, Gløersen G, Larsson PG. Does physical exercise influence the occurrence of epileptiform EEG discharges in children? Epilepsia. 1997 Mar;38(3):279-84. Erratum in: Epilepsia 1997 Aug;38(8):956.
(30.) Vancini RL, de Lira CA, Scorza FA, de Albuquerque M, Sousa BS, de Lima C, et al. Cardiorespiratory and electroencephalographic responses to exhaustive acute physical exercise in people with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2010 Nov;19(3):504-8. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.09.007.
(31.) de Lima C, Vancini RL, Arida RM, Guilhoto LM, de Mello MT, Barreto AT, et al. Physiological and electroencephalographic responses to acute exhaustive physical exercise in people with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2011 Dec;22(4):718-22. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.08.033.
(32.) McAuley JW, Long L, Heise J, Kirby T, Buckworth J, Pitt C, et al. A Prospective Evaluation of the Effects of a 12-Week Outpatient Exercise Program on Clinical and Behavioral Outcomes in Patients with Epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2001 Dec;2(6):592-600.
(33.) Howard GM, Radloff M, Sevier TL. Epilepsy and sports participation. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2004 Feb;3(1):15-9.
(34.) Eom S, Lee MK, Park JH, Jeon JY, Kang HC, Lee JS, et al. The impact of an exercise therapy on psychosocial health of children with benign epilepsy: a pilot study. Epilepsy Behav. 2014 Aug;37:151-6. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.06.017.
(35.) Horyd W, Gryziak J, Niedzielska K, Zieliński JJ. [Effect of physical exertion on seizure discharges in the EEG of epilepsy patients]. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 1981 Sep-Dec;15(5-6):545-52. Polish.
(36.) Souza MA, Oliveira MS, Furian AF, Rambo LM, Ribeiro LR, Lima FD, et al. Swimming training prevents pentylenetetrazol-induced inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase activity, seizures, and oxidative stress. Epilepsia. 2009 Apr;50(4):811-23. DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01908.x.
(37.) Setkowicz Z, Mazur A. Physical training decreases susceptibility to subsequent pilocarpine-induced seizures in the rat. Epilepsy Res. 2006 Oct;71(2-3):142-8.
(38.) Arida RM, de Jesus Vieira A, Cavalheiro EA. Effect of physical exercise on kindling development. Epilepsy Res. 1998 Apr;30(2):127-32.
(39.) Peixinho-Pena LF, Fernandes J, de Almeida AA, Novaes Gomes FG, Cassilhas R, Venancio DP, et al. A strength exercise program in rats with epilepsy is protective against seizures. Epilepsy Behav. 2012 Nov;25(3):323-8. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.08.011.
(40.) Hellier JL, Dudek FE. Spontaneous motor seizures of rats with kainate-induced epilepsy: effect of time of day and activity state. Epilepsy Res. 1999 May;35(1):47-57.
(41.) Arida RM, Scorza FA, dos Santos NF, Peres CA, Cavalheiro EA. Effect of physical exercise on seizure occurrence in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy in rats. Epilepsy Res. 1999 Oct;37(1):45-52.
(42.) Epps SA, Kahn AB, Holmes PV, Boss-Williams KA, Weiss JM, Weinshenker D. Antidepressant and anticonvulsant effects of exercise in a rat model of epilepsy and depression comorbidity. Epilepsy Behav. 2013 Oct;29(1):47-52. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.06.023.
(43.) Arida RM, Scorza FA, Cavalheiro EA. Favorable effects of physical activity for recovery in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2010 Jul;51 Suppl 3:76-9. DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02615.x.
(44.) Arida RM, de Almeida AC, Cavalheiro EA, Scorza FA. Experimental and clinical findings from physical exercise as complementary therapy for epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2013 Mar;26(3):273-8. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.07.025.
(45.) Nyberg J, Aberg MA, Torén K, Nilsson M, Ben-Menachem E, Kuhn HG. Cardiovascular fitness and later risk of epilepsy: a Swedish population-based cohort study. Neurology. 2013 Sep;81(12):1051-7. DOI 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a4a4c0.
(46.) Rodenburg R, Meijer AM, Scherphof C, Carpay JA, Augustijn P, Aldenkamp AP, et al. Parenting and restrictions in childhood epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2013 Jun;27(3):497-503. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.01.026.
(47.) Engel-Yeger B, Zlotnik S, Ravid S, Shahar E. Childhood-onset primary generalized epilepsy--impacts on children’s preferences for participation in outof-school activities. Epilepsy Behav. 2014 May;34:1-5. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.02.021.
(48.) Painter E, Rausch JR, Modi AC. Changes in daily activity patterns of caregivers of children with newly diagnosed epilepsy: a case-controlled design. Epilepsy Behav. 2014 Feb;31:1-6. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.11.001.
(49.) Ferlisi M, Shorvon S. Seizure precipitants (triggering factors) in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2014 Apr;33:101-5. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.02.019.
(50.) Nakken KO, Solaas MH, Kjeldsen MJ, Friis ML, Pellock JM, Corey LA. Which seizure-precipitating factors do patients with epilepsy most frequently report? Epilepsy Behav. 2005 Feb;6(1):85-9.
(51.) Arida RM, Scorza FA, Gomes da Silva S, Schachter SC, Cavalheiro EA. The potential role of physical exercise in the treatment of epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2010 Apr;17(4):432-5. DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.01.013.
(52.) Arida RM, Cavalheiro EA, da Silva AC, Scorza FA. Physical activity and epilepsy: proven and predicted benefits. Sports Med. 2008;38(7):607-15.
(53.) Sahoo SK, Fountain NB. Epilepsy in football players and other land-based contact or collision sport athletes: when can they participate, and is there an increased risk? Curr Sports Med Rep. 2004 Oct;3(5):284-8.
(54.) Knowles BD, Pleacher MD. Athletes with seizure disorders. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2012 Jan-Feb;11(1):16-20. DOI 10.1249/JSR.0b013e318240dc2e.
(55.) ILAE Commission report. Restrictions for children with epilepsy. Commission of Pediatrics of the ILAE. International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1997 Sep;38(9):1054-6.
(56.) Capovilla G, Kaufman KR, Perucca E, Moshé SL, Arida RM. Epilepsy, seizures, physical exercise, and sports: A report from the ILAE Task Force on Sports and Epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2016 Jan;57(1):6-12. DOI 10.1111/epi.13261.
(57.) Kaufman KR. Anticonvulsants in sports: ethical considerations. Epilepsy Behav. 2007 Mar;10(2):268-71.
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2016 Iatreia
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Los artículos publicados en la revista están disponibles para ser utilizados bajo la licencia Creative Commons, específicamente son de Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.
Los trabajos enviados deben ser inéditos y suministrados exclusivamente a la Revista; se exige al autor que envía sus contribuciones presentar los formatos: presentación de artículo y responsabilidad de autoría completamente diligenciados.