Enfermedad del hígado graso asociada con la disfunción metabólica. Una nueva propuesta para una dolencia en auge

María Fernanda Saavedra-Chacón; Santiago Pérez; Luis Gonzalo Guevara

doi:10.17533/udea.iatreia.101

Autores/as

María Fernanda Saavedra-Chacón Universidad CES https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1191-4361
Santiago Pérez Universidad CES https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7018-4456
Luis Gonzalo Guevara Universidad CES

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.101

Palabras clave:

Cáncer hepático, Cirrosis hepática, Hígado graso, Síndrome metabólico

Resumen

La enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólica se caracteriza por la acumulación de grasa hepática que xcede el 5 % de su peso. El espectro de esta condición incluye la esteatosis hepática, esteatohepatitis y fibrosis progresiva con cirrosis. Además, existe la posibilidad de desarrollar hepatocarcinoma sin el antecedente de cirrosis. Su fisiopatología se basa actualmente en el componente metabólico y se considera como la manifestación hepática de una disfunción metabólica sistémica.
La acumulación de grasa causa citotoxicidad, inflamación y fibrosis. Debido al auge en su investigación, se ha propuesto el término de enfermedad del hígado graso asociado con una disfunción metabólica, confiriéndole unos criterios diagnósticos claros y retirando el concepto como entidad de descarte.
El diagnóstico incluye la documentación de esteatosis hepática y fibrosis como marcador pronóstico mediante estudios imagenológicos y puntajes bioquímicos. El tratamiento consiste en la reducción del peso y mejorar la condición metabólica basal. Actualmente, se encuentran en estudio nuevos fármacos que buscan interferir con la inflamación hepática. El manejo incluye, además, el control del riesgo cardiovascular y de tras enfermedades concomitantes.

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Biografía del autor/a

María Fernanda Saavedra-Chacón, Universidad CES

Residente de medicina interna.

Santiago Pérez, Universidad CES

Fellow de Gastroenterología.

Luis Gonzalo Guevara, Universidad CES

Médico Internista, Gastroenterólogo, Hepatólogo. Coordinador de Posgrado de Gastroenterología.

Citas

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