Current status of materials for posterior indirect adhesive restorations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfo.v37n2e354646Keywords:
dental materials, ceramics, composite resins, permanent dental restorationAbstract
The current materials for manufacturing posterior indirect adhesive restorations (PIAR) can be divided into ceramics, resin composite materials, and hybrid materials. Each one presents different composition, mechanical and optical properties, manufacturing techniques, and survival rates. The aim of this article was to review relevant materials and techniques currently available for manufacturing PIAR. A review of literature for randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews and literature reviews related to PIAR was performed using MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scielo. It is concluded that these materials show high durability and a good clinical performance. Furthermore, the survival rates of these restorations are over 90% for dental ceramics and over 85% for resin composites in the first couple of years with a minimum decrease over time. Thus, PIAR are a conservative and predictable option for restorations of posterior teeth and the choice of material used should always be weighed together with different factors including antagonist material, parafunctional habits, esthetics, and treatment cost.
Downloads
References
Prott LS, Pieralli S, Klein P, Spitznagel FA, Ibrahim F, Metzendorf MI, et al. Survival and complications of partial coverage restorations on posterior teeth-a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2025; 37: 620-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.13353
Bustamante-Hernández N, Montiel-Company JM, Bellot-Arcís C, Mañes-Ferrer JF, Solá-Ruíz MF, Agustín-Panadero R, et al. Clinical behavior of ceramic, hybrid and composite onlays: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(20): 7582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207582
Alani A, Mehta S, Koning I, Loomans B, Pereira-Cenci T. Restorative options for moderate and severe tooth wear: a systematic review. J Dent. 2025; 156: 105711. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105711
Morimoto S, Rebello de Sampaio FBW, Braga MM, Sesma N, Özcan M. Survival rate of resin and ceramic inlays, onlays, and overlays: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent Res. 2016; 95(9): 985-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034516652848
Deubener J, Allix M, Davis MJ, Duran A, Höche T, Honma T, et al. Updated definition of glass-ceramics. J Non-Cryst Solids. 2018; 501: 3–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2018.01.033
Detellier C. Functional kaolinite. Chem Rec. 2018; 18: 868–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.201700072
Fu L, Engqvist H, Xia W. Glass-ceramics in dentistry: a review. Materials. 2020; 13(5): 1049. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13051049
Warreth A, Elkareimi Y. All-ceramic restorations: a review of the literature. Saudi Dent J. 2020; 32(8): 365–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.05.004
Powers J, Wataha J. Dental ceramics: foundations and applications. In Powers J, Wataha (Eds). Dental Materials. St Louis: Elsevier; 2017. p. 192–213.
Saglam G, Cengiz S, Karacaer O. Marginal adaptation and fracture resistance of feldspathic and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network CAD/CAM endocrowns. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020; 23(1): 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_231_19
Chitsaz F, Ghodsi S, Harehdasht SA, Goodarzi B, Zeighami S. Evaluation of the colour and translucency parameter of conventional and Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) feldspathic porcelains after staining and laser-assisted bleaching. J Conserv Dent. 2021; 24(6): 628–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jcd.jcd_273_21
Anusavice KJ. Dental ceramics. In Anusavice KJ, Rawls HR, Shen C (Eds). Phillips' Science of Dental Materials. St Louis: Elsevier; 2013. p. 418–73.
Denry IL, Mackert JR, Holloway JA, Rosenstiel SF. Effect of cubic leucite stabilization on the flexural strength of feldspathic dental porcelain. J Dent Res. 1996; 75(12): 1928–35. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345960750120301
Fradeani M, Redemagni M. An 11-year clinical evaluation of leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic crowns. Quintessence Int. 2002; 33(7): 503–10.
Sharkey S. Metal-ceramic versus all-ceramic restorations: part 3. J Ir Dent Assoc. 2011; 57(2): 110–3.
Mörmann WH, Bindl A. All-ceramic, chair-side CAD/CAM restorations. Dent Clin North Am. 2002; 46(2): 405–26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-8532(01)00007-6
Spitznagel FA, Boldt J, Gierthmuehlen PC. CAD/CAM ceramic restorative materials for natural teeth. J Dent Res. 2018; 97(10): 1082–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034518779759
Sasany R, Yilmaz B. Effect of stain brand and shade on color stability of CAD-CAM feldspathic ceramic. Odontology. 2022; 110: 452–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-021-00676-3
Zimmer S, Göhlich O, Rüttermann S, Lang H, Raab WHM, Barthel CR. Long-term survival of Cerec restorations: a 10-year study. Oper Dent. 2008; 33(5): 484–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2341/07-142
Willard A, Chu TMG. The science and application of IPS e.max dental ceramic. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2018; 34(4): 238–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjms.2018.01.012
Zarone F, Ferrari M, Mangano FG, Leone R, Sorrentino R. “Digitally Oriented Materials”: focus on lithium disilicate ceramics. Int J Dent. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9840594
Margvelashvili-Malament M, Thompson V, Malament KA. Minimally invasive fixed prosthodontics: a narrative review. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2025; 37(5): 1248-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.13422
Hallmann L, Ulmer P, Kern M. Effect of microstructure on the mechanical properties of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2018; 82: 355-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.02.032
Elsaka SE, Elnaghy AM. Mechanical properties of zirconia reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic. Dent Mater. 2016; 32(7): 908-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.03.013
Fotiadou C, Manhart J, Diegritz C, Folwaczny M, Hickel R, Frasheri I. Longevity of lithium disilicate indirect restorations in posterior teeth prepared by undergraduate students: a retrospective study up to 8.5 years. J Dent. 2021; 105: 103569. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103569
Manziuc M, Kui A, Chisnoiu A, Labuneț A, Negucioiu M, Ispas A, et al. Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic in digital dentistry: a comprehensive literature review of our current understanding. Medicina. 2023; 59(12): 2135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59122135
Al-Thobity AM, Alsalman A. Flexural properties of three lithium disilicate materials: an in vitro evaluation. Saudi Dent J. 2021; 33(7): 620-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.07.004
Sorrentino R, Ruggiero G, Di Mauro MI, Breschi L, Leuci S, Zarone F. Optical behaviors, surface treatment, adhesion, and clinical indications of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS): a narrative review. J Dent. 2021; 112: 103722. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103722
Zarone F, Ruggiero G, Leone R, Breschi L, Leuci S, Sorrentino R. Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) mechanical and biological properties: a literature review. J Dent. 2021; 109: 103661. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103661
Banh W, Hughes J, Sia A, Chien DCH, Tadakamadla SK, Figueredo CM, et al. Longevity of polymer-infiltrated ceramic network and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate restorations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials. 2021; 14(17): 5058. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14175058
Stawarczyk B, Keul C, Eichberger M, Figge D, Edelhoff D, Lümkemann N. Three generations of zirconia: from veneered to monolithic. Part I. Quintessence Int. 2017; 48(5): 369-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.a38057
Rekow ED, Silva NRFA, Coelho PG, Zhang Y, Guess P, Thompson VP. Performance of dental ceramics: challenges for improvements. J Dent Res. 2011; 90(8): 937-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034510391795
Bulut AC, Atsü SS. Occlusal thickness and cement-type effects on fracture resistance of implant-supported posterior monolithic zirconia crowns. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2021; 36(3): 485-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.8503
Ahmed WM, Troczynski T, McCullagh AP, Wyatt CCL, Carvalho RM. The influence of altering sintering protocols on the optical and mechanical properties of zirconia: a review. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019; 31(5): 423-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12492
Zhang Y, Lawn BR. Novel zirconia materials in dentistry. J Dent Res. 2018; 97(2): 140-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517737483
Nassary Zadeh P, Lümkemann N, Sener B, Eichberger M, Stawarczyk B. Flexural strength, fracture toughness, and translucency of cubic/tetragonal zirconia materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2018; 120(6): 948-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.12.021
Gupta S, Abdulmajeed A, Donovan T, Boushell L, Bencharit S, Sulaiman TA. Monolithic zirconia partial coverage restorations: an in vitro mastication simulation study. J Prosthodont. 2021; 30(1): 76-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.13287
Wafaie RA, Ibrahim Ali A, Mahmoud SH. Fracture resistance of prepared premolars restored with bonded new lab composite and all-ceramic inlay/onlay restorations: laboratory study. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2018; 30(3): 229-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12364
Fan J, Xu Y, Si L, Li X, Fu B, Hannig M. Long-term clinical performance of composite resin or ceramic inlays, onlays, and overlays: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oper Dent. 2021; 46(1): 25-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2341/19-107-LIT
Alzraikat H, Burrow MF, Maghaireh GA, Taha NA. Nanofilled resin composite properties and clinical performance: a review. Oper Dent. 2018; 43(4): E173-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2341/17-208-T
James DF, Yarovesky U. An esthetic inlay technique for posterior teeth. Quintessence Int Dent Dig. 1983; 14(7): 725-31.
Magne P. Composite resins and bonded porcelain: the postamalgam era? J Calif Dent Assoc. 2006; 34(2): 135-47.
Ferracane JL. A historical perspective on dental composite restorative materials. J Funct Biomater. 2024; 15(7): 173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15070173
Yadav R, Kumar M. Dental restorative composite materials: a review. J Oral Biosci. 2019; 61(2): 78-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.job.2019.04.001
Torres CRG, Zanatta RF, Huhtala MFRL, Borges AB. Semidirect posterior composite restorations with a flexible die technique: a case series. J Am Dent Assoc. 2017; 148(9): 671-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2017.02.032
Spreafico RC, Krejci I, Dietschi D. Clinical performance and marginal adaptation of class II direct and semidirect composite restorations over 3.5 years in vivo. J Dent. 2005; 33(6): 499-507. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2004.11.009
Angeletaki F, Gkogkos A, Papazoglou E, Kloukos D. Direct versus indirect inlay/onlay composite restorations in posterior teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2016; 53: 12-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2016.07.011
Nandini S. Indirect resin composites. J Conserv Dent. 2010; 13(4): 184-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.73377
Mainjot AK, Dupont NM, Oudkerk JC, Dewael TY, Sadoun MJ. From artisanal to CAD-CAM blocks: state of the art of indirect composites. J Dent Res. 2016; 95(5): 487-95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034516634286
Soares CJ, Faria-E-Silva AL, Rodrigues MP, Vilela ABF, Pfeifer CS, Tantbirojn D, et al. Polymerization shrinkage stress of composite resins and resin cements: what do we need to know? Braz Oral Res. 2017; 31(suppl 1): e62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2017.vol31.0062
Garoushi S, Sungur S, Boz Y, Ozkan P, Vallittu PK, Uctasli S, et al. Influence of short-fiber composite base on fracture behavior of direct and indirect restorations. Clin Oral Investig. 2021; 25(7): 4543-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03768-6
Belli R, Wendler M, de Ligny D, Cicconi MR, Petschelt A, Peterlik H, et al. Chairside CAD/CAM materials. part 1: measurement of elastic constants and microstructural characterization. Dent Mater. 2017; 33(1): 84-98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.10.009
Wendler M, Belli R, Petschelt A, Mevec D, Harrer W, Lube T, et al. Chairside CAD/CAM materials. Part 2: flexural strength testing. Dent Mater. 2017; 33(1): 99-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.10.008
Lauvahutanon S, Takahashi H, Shiozawa M, Iwasaki N, Asakawa Y, Oki M, et al. Mechanical properties of composite resin blocks for CAD/CAM. Dent Mater J. 2014; 33(5): 705-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2014-208
Emsermann I, Eggmann F, Krastl G, Weiger R, Amato J. Influence of pretreatment methods on the adhesion of composite and polymer infiltrated ceramic CAD-CAM Blocks. J Adhes Dent. 2019; 21(5): 433-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a43179
Coldea A, Swain MV, Thiel N. Mechanical properties of polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network materials. Dent Mater. 2013; 29(4): 419-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2013.01.002
Facenda JC, Borba M, Corazza PH. A literature review on the new polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network material (PICN). J Esthet Restor Dent. 2018; 30(4): 281-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12370
Alomran WK, Nizami MZI, Xu HHK, Sun J. Evolution of dental resin adhesives: a comprehensive review. J Funct Biomater. 2025; 16(3): 104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16030104
Ille CE, Jivănescu A, Pop D, Stoica ET, Flueras R, Talpoş-Niculescu IC, et al. Exploring the properties and indications of chairside CAD/CAM materials in restorative dentistry. J Funct Biomater. 2025; 16(2): 46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16020046
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Antioquia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright Notice
Copyright comprises moral and patrimonial rights.
1. Moral rights: are born at the moment of the creation of the work, without the need to register it. They belong to the author in a personal and unrelinquishable manner; also, they are imprescriptible, unalienable and non negotiable. Moral rights are the right to paternity of the work, the right to integrity of the work, the right to maintain the work unedited or to publish it under a pseudonym or anonymously, the right to modify the work, the right to repent and, the right to be mentioned, in accordance with the definitions established in article 40 of Intellectual property bylaws of the Universidad (RECTORAL RESOLUTION 21231 of 2005).
2. Patrimonial rights: they consist of the capacity of financially dispose and benefit from the work trough any mean. Also, the patrimonial rights are relinquishable, attachable, prescriptive, temporary and transmissible, and they are caused with the publication or divulgation of the work. To the effect of publication of articles in the journal Revista de la Facultad de Odontología, it is understood that Universidad de Antioquia is the owner of the patrimonial rights of the contents of the publication.
The content of the publications is the exclusive responsibility of the authors. Neither the printing press, nor the editors, nor the Editorial Board will be responsible for the use of the information contained in the articles.
I, we, the author(s), and through me (us), the Entity for which I, am (are) working, hereby transfer in a total and definitive manner and without any limitation, to the Revista Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Antioquia, the patrimonial rights corresponding to the article presented for physical and digital publication. I also declare that neither this article, nor part of it has been published in another journal.
Open Access Policy
The articles published in our Journal are fully open access, as we consider that providing the public with free access to research contributes to a greater global exchange of knowledge.
Creative Commons License
The Journal offers its content to third parties without any kind of economic compensation or embargo on the articles. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license, known as Attribution – NonCommercial – Share Alike (BY-NC-SA), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited and that the new productions are licensed under the same conditions.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
