Rol de la vía de señalización Notch durante el desarrollo de estructuras craneofaciales

Autores/as

  • Belfran Alcides Carbonell-Medina Universidad Nacional de Colombia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfo.14000

Palabras clave:

Vía NOTCH, Desarrollo craneofacial, Palatogénesis, Jagged 1

Resumen

La vía de señalización NOTCH es un mecanismo de señalización célula-célula conservado evolutivamente entre las especies, el cual es indispensable para un correcto desarrollo embrionario, mediando una variedad de procesos celulares como proliferación, diferenciación, apoptosis, transformación epitelio- mesénquimal, migración, angiogénesis, mantenimiento de células madre y definición de destino celular. Varios genes componentes de esta vía han sido implicados en el desarrollo de estructuras craneofaciales. El 80% de los pacientes con síndrome de Alagille, presentan mutaciones en el gen que codifica para el receptor Jagged1 (Jag1), acompañado de hipoplasia del tercio medio facial y de craneosinostosis esporádica. Ratones con mutaciones homocigotas en el gen Jagged2 (Jag2) presentan paladar hendido, como resultado de fusiones ectópicas entre la lengua y los procesos palatinos. Por otro lado, mutaciones inducidas en el gen Hes1 generan defectos en el desarrollo de estructuras craneofaciales, derivadas de las células de la cresta neural craneal (CCNC) que incluyen: paladar hendido, agenesia del hueso frontal, malformación de base craneal y disminución en el tamaño del maxilar superior e inferior. Recientes estudios han evidenciado alteraciones durante la morfogénesis dental de ratones mutantes Jagged2-/-, acompañada de defectos en la citodiferenciación de ameloblastos y deficiente deposición de matriz de esmalte. Estos estudios muestran cómo la vía de señalización NOTCH está implicada en el desarrollo de una variedad de estructuras craneofaciales como paladar, dientes, maxilares y cráneo. Por esta razón, el propósito del presente artículo es presentar una revisión de las diferentes funciones de la vía NOTCH durante el desarrollo de estas estructuras craneofaciales, y de las alteraciones resultantes cuando existen mutaciones en algunos genes componentes de la vía NOTCH, como Jagged2, Jagged1, Hes1, Notch1 y Notch2.

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Biografía del autor/a

Belfran Alcides Carbonell-Medina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Odontólogo, especialista en docencia universitaria, candidato a magister en Odontología, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia 

Citas

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Publicado

2014-07-14

Cómo citar

Carbonell-Medina, B. A. (2014). Rol de la vía de señalización Notch durante el desarrollo de estructuras craneofaciales. Revista Facultad De Odontología Universidad De Antioquia, 26(1), 164–179. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfo.14000