Uso de dentífricos fluorados en niños: bases conceptuales en un contexto confuso: revisión de tema

Autores/as

  • María Cecilia Martínez-Pabón Universidad de Antioquia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-3089
  • David Andrés Galvis-Pareja Universidad de Antioquia
  • Ángela Patricia Builes-Sánchez Universidad de Antioquia
  • Diego Alejandro García-Ortega Universidad de Antioquia
  • Liseth Tatiana Cañas-Londoño Universidad de Antioquia
  • María Isabel Arango-Arango Universidad de Antioquia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfo.v29n1a10

Palabras clave:

Dentífricos, Flúor, Niño, Formas de dosificación

Resumen

Las cremas dentales fluoradas han sido recomendadas ampliamente como parte de la prevención de la caries dental. Resultados controversiales sugieren que su uso inadecuado puede contribuir de manera importante a la ingesta total de fluoruros en niños menores de 3 años, siendo ésta una de las razones por las que han sido relacionadas con el desarrollo de fluorosis dental. La relación costo-beneficio del uso de los dentífricos fluorados en los niños ha generado controversia y ha permitido la evolución de conceptos que cimientan las recomendaciones de uso. En esta revisión de tema se presentan algunos aspectos que determinan el potencial preventivo de las cremas dentales fluoradas, las recomendaciones académicas sobre su uso, distintas normativas gubernamentales de países de América Latina en torno al tema, y una breve descripción de la disponibilidad de productos en el mercado colombiano. Se pretende contribuir así a una mayor comprensión del tema y por tanto a una mejor orientación individual de los pacientes.

|Resumen
= 1380 veces | PDF (ENGLISH)
= 531 veces|

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

María Cecilia Martínez-Pabón, Universidad de Antioquia

Profesora Titular, Departamento de Estudios Básicos Integrados, Facultad de Odontología. Universidad de Antioquia

David Andrés Galvis-Pareja, Universidad de Antioquia

Químico Farmacéutico. PhD en Farmacología. Profesor de la Universidad CES y de la Universidad de Antioquia.

Ángela Patricia Builes-Sánchez, Universidad de Antioquia

Odontóloga/o, Universidad de Antioquia

Diego Alejandro García-Ortega, Universidad de Antioquia

Odontóloga/o, Universidad de Antioquia

Liseth Tatiana Cañas-Londoño, Universidad de Antioquia

Odontóloga/o, Universidad de Antioquia

María Isabel Arango-Arango, Universidad de Antioquia

Odontóloga/o, Universidad de Antioquia

Citas

Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Logan S, Sheiham A. Topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels or varnishes) for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003; (4): CD002782. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002782

Cury JA, Tenuta LMA, Ribeiro CCC, Leme AFP. The importance of fluoride dentifrices to the current dental caries prevalence in Brazil. Braz Dent J. 2004; 15(3): 167-174. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-64402004000300001

Jackson RJ, Newman HN, Smart GJ, Stokes E, Hogan JI, Brown C et al. The effects of a supervised toothbrushing programme on the caries increment of primary school children, initially aged 5-6 years. Caries Res. 2005; 39(2): 108-115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000083155

Ellwood RP, Fejerskov O, Cury JA, Clarkson B. Fluoride in caries control. En: Fejerskov O, Kidd E. Dental caries: the disease and its clinical management. 2 ed. Oxford: Blackwell & Munksgaard; 2008: 287-319.

Marinho VC. Cochrane reviews of randomized trials of fluoride therapies for preventing dental caries. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2009; 10(3): 183-191.

Hashizume LN, Mathias TC, Cibils DM, Maltz M. Effect of the widespread use of fluorides on the occurrence of hidden caries in children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2003; 23(1): 72-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-263X.2012.01231.x

Walsh T, Worthington HV, Glenny AM, Appelbe P, MarinhoVC, Shi X. Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010; 20(1): CD007868. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007868.pub2

Noronha MdS, Romão DA, Cury JA, Machado-Tabchoury CP. Effect of fluoride concentration on reduction of enamel demineralization according to the cariogenic challenge. Braz Dent J. 2016; 27(4): 393-398. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600831

Milsom K, Mitropoulos CM. Enamel defects in 8-year-old children in fluoridated and non-fluoridated parts of Cheshire. Caries Res. 1990; 24(4): 286-289. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000261284

Pendrys DG, Katz RV, Morse DE. Risk factors for enamel fluorosis in a non-fluoridated population. Am J Epidemiol. 1994; 140(5): 461-471.

Osuji OO, Leake JL. Chipman ML, Nikiforuk G, Locker D, Levine N. Risk factors for dental fluorosis in a fluoridated community. J Dent Res. 1988; 67(12): 1488-1492. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345880670120901

Tabari ED, Ellwood R, Rugg-Gunn AJ, Evans DJ, Davies RM. Dental fluorosis in permanent incisor teeth in relation to water fluoridation, social deprivation and toothpaste usage in infancy. Br Dent J. 2000; 189(4): 216-220.

Mascarenhas AK, Burt BA. Fluorosis risk from early exposure to fluoride toothpaste. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1998; 26(4): 241-248.

Mascarenhas AK. Risk factors for dental fluorosis: a review of the recent literature. Pediatr Dent. 2000; 22(4): 269-277.

Cordeiro MCR, Armonia PL, Scabar LF, Chelotti A. O creme dental fluorado, a escova dental e a idade da criança como fatores de risco da fluorose dentária. J Health Sci Inst. 2007; 25(1): 29-38.

Atia GS, May J. Dental fluorosis in the paediatric patient. Dent Update. 2013; 40(10): 836-839.

Simard PL, Naccache H, Lachapelle D, Brodeur JM. Ingestion of fluoride from dentifrices by children aged 12 to 24 months. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1991; 30(11): 614-617. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000992289103001101

Levy SM, McGrady JA, Bhuridej P, Warren JJ, Heilman JR, Wefel JS. Factors affecting dentifrice use and ingestion among a sample of U.S. preschoolers. Pediatr Dent. 2000; 22(5): 389-394.

Pessan JP, Silva SM, Buzalaf MA. Evaluation of the total fluoride intake of 4-7-year-old children from diet and dentifrice. J Appl Oral Sci. 2003; 11(2): 150-156.

Franco AM, Martignon S, Saldarriaga A, González MC, Arbeláez MI, Ocampo A et al. Total fluoride intake in children aged 22-35 months in four Colombian cities. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005; 33(1): 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2004.00164.x

Omena LMF, Silva MFdeA, Pinheiro CC, Cavalcante JC, Sampaio FC. Fluoride intake from drinking water and dentifrice by children living in a tropical area of Brazil. J Appl Oral Sci. 2006; 14(5): 382-387.

De-Almeida BS, da-Silva-Cardoso VE, Buzalaf MA. Fluoride ingestion from toothpaste and diet in 1- to 3-year-old Brazilian children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2007; 35(1): 53-63.

Oliveira MJ, Martins CC, Paiva SM, Tenuta LMA, Cury JA. Estimated fluoride doses from toothpastes should be based on total soluble fluoride. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013; 10(11): 5726-5736. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10115726

Haftenberger M, Viergutz G, Neumeister V, Hetzer G. Total fluoride intake and urinary excretion in German children aged 3-6 years. Caries Res. 2001; 35(6): 451-457.

García-Camba-de-la-Muela JM, García-Hoyos F, Valera-Morales M, González-Sanz A. Absorción sistémica de flúor en niños secundaria al cepillado con dentífrico fluorado. Rev Esp Salud Pública. 2009; 83(3): 415-425.

Lockner F, Twetman S, Stecksén-Blicks C. Urinary fluoride excretion after application of fluoride varnish and use of fluoride toothpaste in young children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2017; 27(6): 463-468. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12284

Forte FD, Moimaz SA, Sampaio FC. Urinary fluoride excretion in children exposed to fluoride toothpaste and to different water fluoride levels in a tropical area of Brazil. Braz Dent J. 2008; 19(3): 214-218.

Colombia. Ministerio de Salud. Protocolo de vigilancia en salud pública: exposición a fluor (Centinela). Bogotá: Instituto Nacional de Salud; 2007.

Soto-Rojas AE, Ureña-Cirett JL, Martínez-Mier EA. A review of the prevalence of dental fluorosis in México. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2004; 15(1): 9-18.

Montero M, Rojas-Sánchez F, Socorro M, Torres J, Acevedo AM. Dental caries and fluorosis in children consuming water with different fluoride concentrations in Maiquetia, Vargas State, Venezuela. Invest Clin. 2007; 48(1): 5-19.

Colombia. Ministerio de Salud. III Estudio nacional de salud bucal ENSAB III. Bogotá: Ministerio de Salud de Colombia; 1999.

Colombia. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. IV Estudio nacional de salud bucal ENSAB IV: Situación de salud bucal: para saber cómo estamos y saber qué hacemos. Bogotá: Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia; 2004.

Skotowski MC, Hunt RJ, Levy SM. Risk factors for dental fluorosis in pediatric dental patients. J Public Health Dent. 1995; 55(3): 154-159.

Ramírez BS, Franco AM, Sierra JL, López RV, Alzate T, Sarrazola AM et al. Fluorosis dental en escolares y exploración de factores de riesgo. Municipio de Frontino, 2003. Rev Fac Odont Univ Antioq. 2006; 17(2): 26-33.

Barbachan-e-Silva B, Maltz M. Prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis, and fluorosis in 12-year-old students from Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil, 1998/1999. Pesqui Odontol Bras. 2001; 15(3): 208-214.

Menezes LMB, de-Sousa MLR, Azevedo-Rodrígues LK, Cury JA. Autopercepção da fluorose pela exposição a flúor pela água e dentifrício. Rev Saúde Publica. 2002; 36(6): 752-754. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102002000700015

Moysés SJ, Moysés ST, Allegretti AC, Argenta M, Werneck R. Dental fluorosis: epidemiological fiction? Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2002; 12(5): 339-346.

Peres KG, Latorre MR, Peres MA, Traebert J, Panizzi M. Impact of dental caries and dental fluorosis on 12-year-old schoolchildren’s self-perception of appearance and chewing. Cad Saúde Publica. 2003; 19(1): 323-330.

Lima YB, Cury JA. Seasonal variation of fluoride intake by children in a subtropical region. Caries Res. 2003; 37(5): 335-338. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000072164

Narvai PC, Frazão P, Roncalli AG, Antunes JL. Dental caries in Brazil: decline, polarization, inequality and social exclusion. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2006; 19(6): 385-393.

Peres KG, Peres MA, Araujo CL, Menezes AM, Hallal PC. Social and dental status along the life course and oral health impacts in adolescents: a population-based birth cohort. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009; 7: 95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-7-95

Rodrigues MH, Leite AL, Arana A, Villena RS, Forte FD, Sampaio FC et al. Dietary fluoride intake by children receiving different sources of systemic fluoride. J Dent Res. 2009; 88(2): 142-145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034508328426

Levy SM, Broffitt B, Marshall TA, Eichenberger-Gilmore JM, Warren JJ. Associations between fluorosis of permanent incisors and fluoride intake from infant formula, other dietary sources and dentifrice during early childhood. J Am Dent Assoc. 2010; 141(10): 1190-1201.

Stovell AG, Newton BM, Lynch RJM. Important considerations in the development of toothpaste formulations for children. Int Dent J. 2013; 63(Suppl 2): 57-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/idj.12083

Batlle-Edo C, De-Conte-Vila O. Dentífricos. Asesoramiento. Farm Prof. 2001; 15(5): 61-69.

Weinert W. Oral Hygiene Products. En: Ullmann F, Gerhartz W, Yamamoto S, Campbell T, Pfefferkorn R, Rounsaville J. Ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. 5 ed. California: VCH; 1991: 201-217.

Pearce EI, Dibdin GH. The diffusion and enzymic hydrolysis of monofluorophosphate in dental plaque. J Dent Res. 1995; 74(2): 691-697. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345950740021101

Churchley D, Schemehorn BR. In vitro assessment of a toothpaste range specifically designed for children. Int Dent J. 2013; 63(Suppl 2): 48-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/idj.12071

DePaola PF, Soparkar PM, Triol C, Volpe AR, Garcia L, Duffy J et al. The relative anticaries effectiveness of sodium monofluorophosphate and sodium fluoride as contained in currently available dentifrice formulations. Am J Dent. 1993; 6: S7-S12.

Volpe AR, Petrone ME, Davies R, Proskin HM. Clinical anticaries efficacy of NaF and SMFP dentifrices: overview and resolution of the scientific controversy. J Clin Dent. 1995; 6: 1-28.

Basch CH, Hammond R, Guinta A, Rajan S, Basch CE. Advertising of toothpaste in parenting magazines. J Community Health. 2003; 38(5): 911-914. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-013-9700-2

Davies R, Scully C, Preston AJ. Dentifrices - an update. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010; 15(6): e976-e982.

Carrera CA, Giacaman RA, Muñoz-Sandoval C, Cury JA. Total and soluble fluoride content in commercial dentifrices in Chile. Acta Odontol Scand. 2002; 70(6): 583-588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2011.640287

American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. Fluoride toothpaste use for young children. J Am Dent Assoc. 2014; 145(2): 190-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.2013.47

Conde NC, Rebelo MA, Cury JA. Evaluation of the fluoride stability of dentifrices sold in Manaus, AM, Brazil. Pesqui Odontol Bras. 2003; 17(3): 247-253.

Cury JA, Tabchoury CPM, Piovano S. Concentration and stability of fluoride in dentifrices market in Buenos Aires. Bol Asoc Argent Odontol Ninos. 2006; 35(2): 4-8.

Benzian H, Holmgren C, Helderman WV. Efficacy of fluoride toothpaste over time. Braz Dent J. 2012; 23(4): 311-314.

Van-Loveren C, Moorer WR, Buijs MJ, Van-Palenstein-Helderman WH. Total and free fluoride in toothpastes from some non-established market economy countries. Caries Res. 2005; 39(3): 224-230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000084802

Cury JA, Oliveira MJL, Martins CC, Tenuta LMA, Paiva SM. Available fluoride in toothpastes used by Brazilian children. Braz Dent J. 2010; 21(5): 396-400. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-64402010000500003

Sebastian ST, Siddanna S. Total and free fluoride concentration in various brands of toothpaste marketed in India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015; 9(10): ZC09-ZC12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2015/13382.6578

Moraes SM, Pessan JP, Ramires I, Buzalaf MA. Fluoride intake from regular and low fluoride dentifrices by 2-3-year-old children: influence of the dentifrice flavor. Braz Oral Res. 2007; 21(3): 234-240.

Zohoori FV, Duckworth RM, Omid N, O’Hare WT, Maguire A. Fluoridated toothpaste: usage and ingestion of fluoride by 4 to 6 years old children in England. Eur J Oral Sci. 2012; 120(5): 415-421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2012.00984.x

Burt BA. The changing patterns of systemic fluoride intake. J Dent Res. 1992; 71(5): 1228-1237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345920710051601

Paiva SM, Lima YB, Cury JA. Fluoride intake by Brazilian children from two communities with fluoridated water. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2003; 31(3): 184-191.

Lima CV, Cury JA, Vale GC, Lima MD, Moura LdeF, Moura MS. Total fluoride intake by children from a tropical Brazilian city. Caries Res. 2015; 49(6): 640-646. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000442029

Do-Nascimento HA, Soares-Ferreira JM, Granville-Garcia AF, de-Brito-Costa EM, Almeida-Cavalcante AL, Sampaio FC. Estimation of toothpaste fluoride intake in preschool children. Braz Dent J. 2013; 24(2): 142-146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302087

Clark MB, Slayton RL, American Academy of Pediatrics (Section on Oral Health). Fluoride use in caries prevention in the primary care setting. Pediatrics. 2014; 134(3): 626-633. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-1699

European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. Guidelines on the use of fluoride in children: an EAPD policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2009; 10(3): 129-135.

Evans RW, Stamm JW. An epidemiologic estimate of the critical period during which human maxillary central incisors are most susceptible to fluorosis. J Public Health Dent. 1991; 51(4): 251-259.

Horowitz HS. The need for toothpastes with lower than conventional fluoride concentrations for preschool-aged children. J Public Health Dent. 1992; 52(4): 216-221.

Wong MC, Glenny AM, Tsang BW, Lo EC, Worthington HV, Marinho VC. Topical fluoride as a cause of dental fluorosis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010; (1): CD007693. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007693.pub2

DenBesten P, Ko HS. Fluoride levels in whole saliva of preschool children after brushing with 0.25 g (pea-sized) as compared 1.0 g (full-brush) of a fluoride dentifrice. Pediatr Dent. 1996; 18(4): 277-280.

Lima TJ, Ribeiro CC, Tenuta LMA, Cury JA. Low-fluoride dentifrice and caries lesions control in children with different caries experience: a randomized clinical trial. Caries Res. 2008; 42(1): 46-50. https://doi.org/10.1159/000111749

Topping GV. The anticaries effects of low fluoride formulations of toothpaste may be different in caries-active and caries-inactive children. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2009; 9(1): 30-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebdp.2008.12.006

Cury JA, Do-Amaral RC, Tenuta LMA, Del-Bel-Cury AA, Tabchoury CP. Low-fluoride toothpaste and deciduous enamel demineralization under biofilm accumulation and sucrose exposure. Eur J Oral Sci. 2010; 118(4): 370-375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2010.00745.x

Cury JA, Tenuta LMA. Evidence-based recommendation on toothpaste use. Braz Oral Res. 2014; 28(Spec): 1-7. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1806-83242014.50000001

Arana AS, Villa AE. Uso de pasta dental con flúor en niños de 3 a 5 años de la ciudad de Trujillo. Rev Estomatol Herediana. 2006; 16(2): 89-92.

O’Mullane DM, Kavanagh D, Ellwood RP, Chesters RK, Schafer F, Huntington E et al. A three-year clinical trial of a combination of trimetaphosphate and sodium fluoride in silica toothpastes. J Dent Res. 1997; 76(11): 1776-1781. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345970760110901

Stephen KW, Creanor SL, Russell JI, Burchell CK, Huntington E, Downie CF. A 3- year oral health dose-response study of sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrices with and without zinc citrate: anti-caries results. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1988; 16(6): 321-325.

Martínez-Mier EA, Soto-Rojas AE, Urena-Cirett JL, Stookey GK, Dunipace AJ. Fluoride intake from foods, beverages and dentifrice by children in Mexico. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2003; 31(3): 221-230.

Franco AM, Saldarriaga A, Martignon S, Gonzalez MC, Villa AE. Fluoride intake and fractional urinary fluoride excretion of Colombian preschool children. Community Dent Health. 2005; 22(4): 272-278.

Hall KB, Delbem AB, Nagata ME, Hosida TY, de-Moraes FR, Danelon M et al. Influence of the amount of dentifrice and fluoride concentrations on salivary fluoride levels in children. Pediatr Dent. 2016; 38(5): 379-384.

American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Guideline on infant oral health care. Clinical Guidelines, Reference manual. 2004; 37(6): 15-16.

FDI World Dental Federation. Promoting dental health through fluoride toothpaste: original version adopted by the General Assembly in november 2000, Paris, France: revised version adopted by the General Assembly: 26th September 2008, Stockholm, Sweden [Internet]. Stockholm: FDI; 2008. En: http://www.fdiworldental.org/media/11323/Promoting-dental-health-through-fluoride-toothpaste-2008.pdf

Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Secretaría de Economía. DECLARATORIA de vigencia de las normas mexicanas NMX-E-053-CNCP-2013, NMX-E-114-CNCP-2013, NMX-E-134-CNCP-2013, NMX-E-146-CNCP-2013, NMX-E-178-CNCP-2013, NMX-E-234-CNCP-2013, NMX-E-255-CNCP-2013, NMX-K-539-CNCP-2013, NMX-K-541-CNCP-2013, NMX-Q-010-CNCP-2013, NMX-E-122-CNCP-2013 y NMX-E-165-CNCP-2013. En: http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle_popup.php?codigo=5347615

Guatemala: Ministerio de Economía. COGUANOR NGO 30 019 1987: norma guatemalteca obligatoria: pasta dental con flúor y pasta dental sin flúor: especificaciones. Ciudad de Guatemala: Ministerio de Economía; 1987. En: http://cretec.org.gt/wp-content/files_mf/coguanorngo_30_019.pdf

Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Secretaría de Salud. Norma oficial mexicana NOM-137-SSA1-1995: información regulatoria-especificaciones generales de etiquetado que deberán ostentar los dispositivos médicos, tanto de manufactura nacional como de procedencia extranjera [Internet]. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Salud de México; 1995. En: http://www.salud.gob.mx/unidades/cdi/nom/137ssa15.html

MERCOSUR. Reglamento técnico MERCOSUR sobre lista de sustancias que los productos de higiene personal, cosméticos y perfumes no deben contener, excepto en las condiciones y con las restricciones establecidas 2000 [Internet]. En: http://www.anmat.gov.ar/webanmat/mercosur/agregados/AgregadoIII/Cosmeticos/UNI3PRES11_09_REV1_ES.pdf

Perú. Ministerio de salud. Norma Técnica Sanitaria para la adición de fluoruros en cremas dentales, enjuagatorios y otros productos utilizados en la higiene bucal. Resolución ministerial No 454-2001-SA/DM. Lima, 27 de julio del 2001[Internet]. En: ftp://ftp2.minsa.gob.pe/normaslegales/2001/RM454-2001.pdf.

Perú. Ministerio de salud. Resolución ministerial No 154-2001-SA/DM. Lima, 7 de marzo del 2001 [Internet]. En: ftp://ftp2.minsa.gob.pe/normaslegales/2001/RM154-2001.pdf.

Colombia: Ministerio de la Protección. Instituto Nacional de Vigilancia de Medicamentos y Alimentos – INVIMA. Acta 08 de 2010, Numeral 2.11.4 de la sala especializada de medicamentos y productos biológicos de la comisión revisora 2010. [Internet]. En: https://www.invima.gov.co/images/pdf/salas-especializadas/Sala_Especializada_de_Medicamentos/acta2010/ACTA082010_SEMPB.pdf

Comunidad Andina. Decisión 516 de 2002: armonización de Legislaciones en materia de productos cosméticos [Internet]. En: http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache: http://www.saludcapital.gov.co/DSP/Docs/Decisi%25C3%25B3n%2520516%2520de%25202002.pdf

Chile. Ministerio de Salud. Normas de usos de fluoruros en la prevención odontológica. Norma técnica N°4.863 del 11 de junio de 1993. Tomo II, Anexos II y III 1998. En: http://web.minsal.cl/portal/url/item/7f2dd0d1a7e8c658e04001011e010fe2.pdf

Chile. Ministerio de Salud. Subsecretaría de Salud Pública- División de Prevención y Control de Enfermedades, División jurídica. Modifica resolución exenta No 727, de 2008, del Ministerio de Salud, que aprueba norma general técnica No 105 sobre “uso de fluoruros en la prevención odontológica”. Santiago de Chile, 3 de octubre de 2015. Santiago de Chile: Ministerio de Salud de Salud de Chile; 2015

Dos-Santos AP, Nadanovsky P, De-Oliveira BH. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of fluoride toothpastes on the prevention of dental caries in the primary dentition of preschool children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013; 41(1): 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2012.00708.x

Creeth J, Bosma ML, Govier K. How much is a “pea-sized amount”? A study of dentifrice dosing by parents in three countries. Int Dent J. 2013; 63(suppl 2): 25-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/idj.12074

De-Moura MS, De-Carvalho MM, Silva MC, De-Lima MdeD, De-Deus-Moura LdeF, De-Melo-Simplício AH. The impact of a dental program for maternal and infant health on the prevalence of dental fluorosis. Pediatr Dent. 2013; 35(7): 519-522.

Colombia. Ministerio de Salud y Proteccion Social. Documento técnico: perspectiva del uso del fluor vs caries y fluorosis dental en Colombia [Internet]. Bogotá: Ministerio de Salud y Proteccion Social de Colombia; 2006. En: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/PP/ENT/perspectiva-uso-fluor.pdf

Quintero-Báez L, Botazzo-Delbem A, Nagata M, Pessan J. Fluoride concentration in toothpastes and mouthwashes for children distributed in Bogotá, Colombia. Rev Nac Odontol. 2006; 23(12): 41-48.

Vásquez P. Conocimientos y prácticas en prevención de caries y gingivitis en educadores de párvulos, JUNJI, Santiago. Rev Chil Salud Pública. 2008; 12 (2): 64-72.

Ramírez BS, Franco AM, Ochoa EM. Hábitos de consumo y uso de la crema dental de niños y niñas asistentes a los hogares comunitarios del ICBF y guarderías del Programa Buen Comienzo. Medellín: Secretaría de Salud; 2011

Arrieta K, González FD, Pomares A. Conocimientos y prácticas sobre fluorosis dental en odontólogos y auxiliares hospital local Cartagena de Indias. Rev Colomb Invest Odontol. 2012; 3(7): 1-9. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25063/21457735.87

Mattos-Vela MA; Carrasco-Loyola MB, Valdivia-Pacheco SG. Nivel de conocimiento sobre pasta dental fluorada en padres y profesores de preescolares. Int. J Odontostomat. 2013: 7(1): 17-24. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-381X2013000100003

Descargas

Publicado

2017-12-15

Cómo citar

Martínez-Pabón, M. C. ., Galvis-Pareja, D. A., Builes-Sánchez, Ángela P., García-Ortega, D. A., Cañas-Londoño, L. T., & Arango-Arango, M. I. (2017). Uso de dentífricos fluorados en niños: bases conceptuales en un contexto confuso: revisión de tema. Revista Facultad De Odontología Universidad De Antioquia, 29(1), 187–210. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfo.v29n1a10

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a