Velocidad de procesamiento visual / auditivo y ortográfico / fonológico en niños con dislexia y lectores promedio colombianos: un estudio de potenciales relacionados con eventos
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https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rp.e340888Palabras clave:
dislexia evolutiva, potenciales relacionados con eventos, velocidad de procesamiento, procesos cognitivos, decisión léxicaResumen
Este estudio examinó las diferencias en la velocidad de procesamiento entre las modalidades visual-auditiva y ortográfica-fonológica, por medio del análisis de potenciales relacionados con eventos en niños con dislexia comparados con un grupo control, siguiendo la hipótesis causal de la dislexia evolutiva basada en la asincronía en la velocidad de procesamiento. Treinta niños de habla hispana que viven en Bogotá, Colombia —quince con diagnóstico de dislexia evolutiva y quince lectores promedio emparejados por edad, sexo, nivel socioeconómico y grado—, participaron en el estudio. A los participantes se les aplicaron cinco tareas conductuales con estímulos auditivos y visuales, lingüísticos y no lingüísticos con registro electrofisiológico simultáneo. Hubo una diferencia de tiempo significativa entre el procesamiento de estímulos visuales lingüísticos y no lingüísticos, el procesamiento de estímulos visuales versus auditivos lingüísticos y no lingüísticos, y el procesamiento de palabras y seudopalabras en niños con dislexia en comparación con los lectores promedio. Las dificultades ortográficas y fonológicas en los niños disléxicos se evidencian en las amplitudes menores de P100 y las desviaciones más profundas de N200 en seudopalabras, así como en las amplitudes menores de P300, tanto en palabras como en seudopalabras.
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