When DNA changed our passport: paleogenetics and national identity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.boan.v36n61a06Keywords:
ancient DNA, paleogenomics, national identity, nationalisms, anthropologyAbstract
The popularization of genetic studies in current and ancient populations, has placed them in the center of numerous debates on national identities. This essay focuses on the way in which national identities are built and the role of history. We also analyze the possible instrumentalization of genetic studies during these processes. We use the Canary Islands as an example of several of these issues. Among them, the way in which history is used to define a peripheric national identity in opposition to a centralized one, and how the genetic studies are employed to define that identity and the historical processes that have led to its configuration. We conclude that, despite the important contributions of genetics for understanding the dynamics of past populations, great caution must be exercised when presenting their results as unambiguous and unquestionable.
Downloads
References
Aznar Vallejo, Eduardo (1992). La integración de las Islas Canarias en la Corona de Castilla (1478-1526). Cabildo Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
Baucells Mesa, Sergio (2010). Aculturación y etnicidad. El proceso de interacción entre guanches y europeos (siglos xiv-xvi). Tesis doctoral, Universidad de La Laguna.
Breuilly, J. (2006). Introducción a Naciones y nacionalismos, por Ernest Gellner, pp. 11-62. Alianza Editorial, Madrid.
Cabrera Acosta, Miguel Angel (2001). Historia, lenguaje y teoría de la sociedad. Cátedra, Madrid. Cuando el ADN nos cambió el pasaporte: paleogenética e identidad nacional / 93
Carracedo, J. C.; Pérez Torrado; F. J. y Rodríguez Badiola, E. (2008). “Canarias: islas volcánicas intraplaca”. En: Geo-Guías, vol. 4, pp. 11-25. https://accedacris.ulpgc.es/bitstream/10553/10036/4/0679204_00000_0000-1.pdf
Fanon, F. (2009). Piel negra, máscaras blancas. Akal, Madrid.
Floristán, Alfredo (coord. y ed.). (2002). Historia moderna universal. Ariel, Madrid. http://www.unedhistoria.es/sites/default/files/Varios/paginacionFloristan1P.pdf
Floristán, Alfredo (coord. y ed.). (2004). Historia de España en la Edad Moderna. Ariel, Madrid. Fregel, Rosa et al. (2009a). “Demographic history of Canary Islands male gene-pool: replacement of native lineages by European”. En: BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 9. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-181
Fregel, Rosa; Pestano, Jose; Arnay, Matilde; Cabrera, Vicente M.; Larruga, Jose M. y González, Ana M. (2009b). “The maternal aborigine colonization of La Palma (Canary Islands)”. En: European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 17, N.° 10, pp. 1314-1324. DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.46
Fregel, Rosa et al. (2015). “Isolation and prominent aboriginal maternal legacy in the present-day population of La Gomera (Canary Islands)”. En: European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 23, N.° 9, pp. 1236-1243. DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.251
Fregel, Rosa et al. (2019). “Mitogenomes illuminate the origin and migration patterns of the indigenous people of the Canary Islands”. En: PLOS ONE, vol. 14, N.° 3. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209125
García-Lázaro, Néstor y López Trujillo, Zebensui (2013). “Canarias Libre: los orígenes del nacionalismo canario en el interior de las islas (1960-1965)”. En: Cuadernos de Historia Contemporánea, vol. 35, pp. 219-242. DOI: 10.5209/rev_CHCO.2013.v35.42656
Gellner, Ernest ([1983] 2006). Naciones y nacionalismo. Alianza Editorial, Madrid.
Goldberg, Amy; Günther, Torsten; Rosenberg, Noah A. y Jakobsson, Mattias (2017). “Ancient X chromosomes reveal contrasting sex bias in Neolithic and Bronze Age Eurasian migrations”. En: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 114, N.° 10, pp. 2657-2662. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616392114
Hall, Stuart (1991). “Who needs ‘identity’?”. En: Hall, Stuart y du Gay, Paul (eds.). Questions of cultural identity. Sage, Londres, pp. 1-7.
Higuchi, Russell; Bowman, Barbara; Freiberger, Mary; Ryder, Oliver A. y Wilson, Allan C. (1984). “DNA sequences from the quagga, an extinct member of the horse family”. En: Nature, vol. 312, N.° 5991, pp. 282-284. DOI: 10.1038/312282a0
Hobsbawm, Eric (1989). Era del imperio (1875-1914). Labor, Barcelona.
International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (2004). “Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome”. En: Nature, vol. 431, N.° 7011, pp. 931-945. DOI: 10.1038/nature03001
Kuhn, T. (1962). La estructura de las revoluciones científicas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
López Trujillo, Zebensui (2014). “La iglesia católica ante el resurgimiento del fenómeno nacionalista en Canarias (1972-1989)”. En: Acosta Guerrero, Elena (coord.) xx Coloquio de Historia CanarioAmericana. Cabildo de Gran Canaria / Casa de Colón, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, pp. 1446- 1457. [En línea:] https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/extart?codigo=7341663. (Consultado el 28 de diciembre de 2020).
Maca Meyer, Nicole (2002). Composición genética de poblaciones históricas y prehistóricas humanas de las islas Canarias. Tesis doctoral, Universidad de La Laguna. [En línea:] https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/tesis?codigo=1089&orden=102166&info=link. (Consultado el 28 de diciembre de 2020).
Margulies, Marcel et al. (2005). “Genome sequencing in microfabricated high-density picolitre reactors”. En: Nature, vol. 437, N.° 7057, pp. 376-380. DOI: 10.1038/nature03959
Ordóñez, Alejandra C. (2017). Estudio sobre ADN antiguo en restos arqueológicos desde una perspectiva histórica. El caso de las islas Canarias. Tesis doctoral, Universidad de La Laguna. [En línea:] https://www.educacion.gob.es/teseo/imprimirFicheroTesis.do?idFichero=mflILUb8xWY%3D. (Consultado el 28 de diciembre de 2020).
Ordóñez, Alejandra C.; Fregel, R.; Trujillo-Mederos, A.; Hervella, Montserrat; de-la-Rúa, Concepción y Arnay-de-la-Rosa, Matilde (2017). “Genetic studies on the prehispanic population buried in Punta Azul cave (El Hierro, Canary Islands)”. En: Journal of Archaeological Science, vol. 78, pp. 20-28. DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2016.11.004
Rando, J. C. et al. (1999). “Phylogeographic patterns of mtDNA reflecting the colonization of the Canary Islands”. En: Annals of Human Genetics, vol. 63, pp. 413-428. DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.1999.6350413.x
Rodríguez-Varela, Ricardo et al. (2017) “Genomic Analyses of Pre-European Conquest Human Remains from the Canary Islands Reveal Close Affinity to Modern North Africans”. En: Current Biology, vol. 27, N.° 21, pp. 3396-3402. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.059
Said, E. W. ([1978] 1990). El orientalismo. Libertarias, Madrid.
Sanz, David (2 de diciembre de 2018). “Farrujia: ‘El poblamiento de Canarias es anterior a la presencia romana en el norte de África’”. Diario de Avisos. [En línea:] https://diariodeavisos.elespanol.com/2018/12/farujia-el-poblamiento-de-canarias-es-anterior-a-la-presencia-romana-en-el-nortede-africa/. (Consultado el 28 de diciembre de 2020).
Smith, A. D. (1996). “Opening statement in The nation: real or imagined? The Warwick Debates on Nationalism”. En: Nations and Nationalism, vol. 2, N.° 3, pp. 357. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8219.1996.tb00001.x
Suárez Acosta, José Juan; Quintero Padrón, Carmelo L. y Rodríguez Lorenzo, Félix (1988). Conquista y colonización. Centro de la Cultura Popular Canaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Alejandra C. Ordóñez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in the Bulletin of Anthropology accept the following conditions:
- Authors retain copyright and yield the right of first publication to the journal, with the work registered with Creative Commons attribution license, which allows third parties to use what was published as long as the authorship of the work and the first publication in this magazine are mentioned.
- Authors can perform other independent and additional contractual arrangements for the non - exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this issue (E.g. Inclusion in an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as it is clearly indicated that the work was published for the first time in this magazine.
