Relación entrenador-atleta y percepción de cohesión de equipo en jóvenes deportistas brasileños
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.efyd.e341625Palabras clave:
cohesión de equipo, relación interpersonal, deporte escolar, psicología del deporteResumen
Este estudio transversal analizó la percepción de cohesión de equipo y la calidad de la relación entrenador-atleta entre 301 estudiantes atletas brasileños, de 14 a 17 años, que compitieron en la fase estatal de los juegos escolares de Pernambuco 2016. Los datos se recogieron mediante cuestionarios de entorno grupal y de relación entrenador-atleta. Los datos se analizaron mediante las pruebas de Kolmogorov-Smirnov y Mann-Whitney (p<0.05). Los resultados mostraron que niños y niñas puntuaron alto en cohesión de equipo, aunque los niños puntuaron más alto en la Tarea de Integración Grupal (p<0.05), así como en todas las dimensiones de la relación entrenador-atleta (p<0.05). Los deportistas de fútbol sala y voleibol destacan por puntuar más bajo o más alto en variables específicas en comparación con otros deportes. En conclusión, la calidad de la relación entrenador-atleta puede ser un factor que interviene en la percepción de la cohesión de grupo en el deporte escolar.
Descargas
Citas
1. Ato, M., López-García, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). A Classification System for Research Designs in Psychology. Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology, 29(3), 1038-1059. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511
2. Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., Ródenas, L., Fabra, P., & Duda, J. L. (2015). Los entrenadores como promotores de la cohesión del equipo. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 15(1), 233-242. https://revistas.um.es/cpd/article/view/223441
3. Baser, B., Bayar, P., & Ghorbanzadeh, B. (2013). A Determination of Goal Orientation in Respect to the Age Categories and Gender Volleyball Players in Relation to their Success. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(1), 81-84. https://shre.ink/QwW4
4. Benson, A. J., Šiška, P., Eys, M., Priklerová, S., & Slepička, P. (2016). A Prospective Multilevel Examination of the Relationship between Cohesion and Team Performance in Elite Youth Sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 27, 39-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.07.009
5. Carron, A. V., & Brawley, L. R. (2000). Cohesion: Conceptual and Measurement Issues. Small Group Research, 43(6), 726-743. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496412468072
6. Carron, A. V., Widmeyer, W. N., & Brawley, L. R. (1985). The Development of an Instrument to Assess Cohesion in Sport Teams: The Group Environment Questionnaire. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7(3), 244-266. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsp.7.3.244
7. Cheuczuk, F., Ferreira, L., Flores, P. P., Vieira, L. F., Vieira, J. L. L., & Nascimento Jr., J. R. A. (2016). Qualidade do relacionamento treinador-atleta e orientação às metas como preditores de desempenho esportivo. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 32(2), 01-08. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-3772e32229
8. Davis, L., Jowett, S., & Lafrenière, M.-A. K. (2013). An Attachment Theory Perspective in the Examination of Relational Processes Associated with Coach-Athlete Dyads. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 35(2), 156-167. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.35.2.156
9. De Moraes, Y. L. (2018). Gênero numa perspectiva evolucionista. Diálogos Interdisciplinares, 7(1), 183-198. https://revistas.brazcubas.br/index.php/dialogos/article/view/354
10. Eys, M., Bruner, M. W., & Martin, L. J. (2018). The Dynamic Group Environment in Sport and Exercise. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 42, 40-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.11.001
11. Eys, M. A., & Brawley, L. R. (2018). Reflections on Cohesion Research with Sport and Exercise Groups. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 12(4), e12379. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12379
12. Filho, E., Dobersek, U., Gershgoren, L., Becker, B., & Tenenbaum, G. (2014). The Cohesion-performance Relationship in Sport: A 10-year Retrospective Meta-analysis. Sport Sciences for Health, 10(3), 165-177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-014-0188-7
13. Hampson, R., & Jowett, S. (2014). Effects of Coach Leadership and Coach–athlete Relationship on Collective Efficacy. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 24(2), 454-460. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01527.x
14. Ji, P., Zhou, S., Wang, R., Fan, H., & Wang, Y. (2022). Subjective Exercise Experience and Group Cohesion among Chinese Participating in Square Dance: A Moderated Mediation Model of Years of Participation and Gender. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12978. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912978
15. Jowett, S., & Nezlek, J. (2012). Relationship Interdependence and Satisfaction with Important Outcomes in Coach–athlete Dyads. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 29(3), 287-301. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407511420980
16. Jowett, S., & Ntoumanis, N. (2004). The Coach–athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART‐Q): Development and Initial Validation. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 14(4), 245-257. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2003.00338.x
17. Jowett, S., & Shanmugam, V. (2016). Relational Coaching in Sport: Its Psychological Underpinnings and Practical Effectiveness. In R. J. Schinke, K. R. McGannon, & B. Smith (Eds.), Routledge International Handbook of Sport Psychology (pp. 471-484). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
18. Jowett, S., Shanmugam, V., & Caccoulis, S. (2012). Collective Efficacy as a Mediator of the Association between Interpersonal Relationships and Athlete Satisfaction in Team Sports. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10(1), 66-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2012.645127
19. Mata, R., & Gomes, A. R. (2016). Relação treinador-atleta: teoria, investigação e intervenção. In D. Bartholomeu, J. M. Montiel, A. A. Machado, A. Rui Gomes, G. Couto, & V. Cassepp-Borges (Orgs.), Relações interpessoais: Concepções e contextos de intervenção e avaliação (pp. 155-174). Vetor Editora. https://hdl.handle.net/1822/43026
20. Malta, M., Cardoso, L. O., Bastos, F. I., Magnanini, M. M. F., & Silva, C. M. F. P. D. (2010). Iniciativa STROBE: subsídios para a comunicação de estudos observacionais. Revista de Saúde Pública, 44(3), 559-565.
21. Nascimento Junior, J. R. A., Vieira, L. F., Rosado, A. F. B., & Serpa, S. (2012). Validation of the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) for Portuguese Language. Motriz: Revista de Educação Física, 18(4), 770-782. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-65742012000400015
22. Nascimento Júnior, J. R. A., Laranjeira Granja, C. T., Da Silva, E. C., Amorim, D. R., Oliveira, D. V., & Vieira, L. F. (2018). A frequência de jogos como titular e o tempo na equipe são fatores intervenientes na percepção de coesão de grupo no contexto do futsal de alto rendimento? Revista Inspirar. Movimento & Saúde, 16(2), 26-31. https://shre.ink/QwpD
23. Novaes, R. B., Rigon, T. A., & Dantas, L. E. P. B. T. (2014). Modelo do jogo de futsal e subsídios para o ensino. Movimento, 20(3), 1039-1060. https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.39355
24. Richardson, R., Peres, J., Wanderley, J., Correia, L., & Peres, M. (2014). Pesquisa social: métodos e técnicas. Editora Atlas.
25. Santos, J. R. C. (2009). Atributos da qualidade da competição desportiva escolar: estudo comparativo entre as percepções dos praticantes e respectivos encarregados de educação [dissertação de mestrado, Universidade da Madeira]. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/43
26. Schürer, S., van Ophuysen, S., & Behrmann, L. (2021). A New Instrument for Assessing Cohesion in Primary and Grammar School Classes–Factorial Structure and Measurement Invariance of the GruKo4. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 39(3), 271-285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282920966825
27. Tatsumi, Y., & Tsuchiya, H. (2020). Collective Efficacy and Group Cohesion as Seen from University and High School Student Opportunities to Participate in a Game: Age Group-specific Characteristics Seen in Top-ranking Rugby Teams. The Japan Journal of Coaching Studies, 33(2), 185-196. https://doi.org/10.24776/jcoaching.33.2_185
28. Vieira, L. F., Nascimento Junior, J. R. A., Pujals, C., Jowett, S., Codonhato, R., & Vissoci, J. R. N. (2015). Cross-cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q)-Athlete Version. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, 17(6), 635-649. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-0037.2015v17n6p635
29. Vieira, L. F., Pizzo, G. C., Contreira, A. R., Lazier-Leão, T. R., Moreira, C. R., Rigoni, P. A. G., & Nascimento Junior, J. R. A. (2018). Associação entre motivação e coesão de grupo no futebol profissional: o relacionamento treinador-atleta é um fator determinante? Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 27(4, Supp. 1), 51-57. https://ddd.uab.cat/record/187802
30. Wilhelmsson, S. (2017). The Relationship between Coach and Peer Leadership and Team Cohesion within elite Swedish Floorball Players [bachelor thesis, UMEÅ Universität]. https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Aumu%3Adiva-144132
31. Yang, S., & Jowett, S. (2012). Psychometric Properties of the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) in Seven Countries. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(1), 36-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.07.010
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Gabriel Lucas Morais Freire, Mauro Moreira dos Santos, Roseana Pacheco Reis Batista, Daniel Vicentini de Oliveira, Vinicius da Cruz Sousa, Roberto Andrade do Nascimento Junior
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.