Aportes al debate de legalización del uso medicinal de la marihuana en Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.v35n1a03Palabras clave:
hábito de fumar marihuana, abuso de marihuana, marihuana medicinal, riesgoResumen
Es intenso el debate sobre legalización de la marihuana para usos terapéuticos, buscando minimizar la criminalización del usuario. Paradójicamente a pesar de la evidencia de efectos nocivos de la marihuana su consumo aumenta, hay altas prevalencias de vida y surgen variedades más potentes y peligrosas de cannabis. Metodología: Revisión sobre componentes de la marihuana, efectos y evidencia terapeútica. Resultados: La planta contiene más de 400 compuestos activos y de la mayoría se desconoce su toxicidad. Contiene, además, unos 66 cannabinoides. Hay alguna evidencia del efecto medicinal de algunos compuestos pero falta investigación. Una cosa son cannabinoides sintéticos y derivados de la planta, otra el consumo de la “yerba”. Discusión: Componentes benéficos de la planta no pueden, hasta hoy, separarse de los tóxicos. En uso terapéutico o recreativo se ingieren unos y otros. Cannabinoides producen en humanos un síndrome que altera funciones cerebrales como memoria, estado de ánimo, sueño, atención, humor, coordinación, cognición, percepción del tiempo y distorsión de la información, entre otras, además de generar dependencia, tolerancia, adicción y síndrome de abstinencia, todas ya probadas. Conclusiones: El desconocimiento de efectos adversos del uso de la planta de marihuana como medicamento, sin conocer muy bien qué se está consumiendo, plantea importantes riesgos para la salud.
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