INFLUENZA EN PORCINOS DE ANTIOQUIA COLOMBIA Y SU REPERCUSION EN LA SALUD HUMANA (1)
Resumen
Los virus de influenza están clasificados en el grupo de los ortomyxovirus (1); son virus que poseen ácido ribonucléico monocatenario y polisegmentado. Son relativamente grandes (800-1000 A) y envueltos por una cubierta de lipoproteína, donde se ubican los antígenos superficiales (2).
En base a las diferencias antigénicas de su ribonucleoproteína (RNP) se conocen tres grupos virales: A, B y C. El tipo A, causa infección en el hombre, equinos, porcinos y aves; los tipos By C aparentemente existen solamente en los humanos (3). Recientemente en la Unión Soviética se demostró evidencia serológica y aislamiento de virus de influenza Tipo B, a partir de porcinos de la región de Kiev (4).
El virus de Influenza posee dos antígenos internos estables: la nucleoproteína (NP) y la proteína de la matriz (MP); y dos antígenos superficiales variables: La hemaglutinina (HA) y la enzima neuraminidasa (NA) (2). Para los tipos A y B se conocen actualmente nueve polipeptidos codificados por el virus (5). De los antígenos de la envoltura, la hemaglutinina se conoce desde hace muchos años (6) y es el antígeno responsable de la infección celular y del estímulo para la producción de anticuerpos neutralizantes (7). La neuraminidasa se describió más recientemente (8) y tiene papel importante en la salida del virus de la célula (9) (10).
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