Ergonomics regulations and occupational musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities in Chile (2009-2019): impacts according to gender
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.e355915Keywords:
occupational disease, ergonomics, gender perspective, public health policies, occupational health, musculoskeletal disordersAbstract
Objective: Describe the frequency of cases of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the upper extremities in Chile over a 10-year period (2009-2019), as well as the level of compliance with the Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Regulation, in order to determine the impact of ergonomics regulations according to gender.
Methodology: Retrospective descriptive study on the cases registered in databases of national scope, in relation to the implementation of surveillance, control and prevention policies that incorporate evaluation methods in ergonomics. It also analyzes the control of occupational risks by the Health Authority (2017-2020).
Results: Significant changes were observed in the first years of implementation of regulations until 2016, followed by a decline in the recognition of musculoskeletal disorders, especially in women. Lateral epicondylitis (25.7 %) and “Other synovitis and tenosynovitis” (19 %) were the most common diagnoses, with significant differences by sex (p < 0.01). The mean number of days of rest increases with age, being higher for men (p < 0.01). Smaller companies with more women show a higher percentage of not performing risk identification and assessment.
Conclusions: The regulations for the control of musculoskeletal disorders in Chile have not significantly increased the recognition of these disorders. In fact, they have worsened the situation, especially for women and those working in smaller companies. This represents a challenge for ergonomics and public health, requiring the design of surveillance methods and models that promote greater equity in the diagnosis and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders.
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