RIESGOS DE INFECCIÓN TUBERCULOSA EN CALI
Abstract
En tuberculosis, a diferencia de otras enfermedades infecto-contagiosas y, más que nada, debido a su historia natural, se utilizan dos medidas de la incidencia llamadas incidencia de la infección e incidencia de la enfermedad; pero como la tuberculosis solo puede desarrollarse en aquellos quienes ya han sido infectados, es epidemiológicamente preferible reemplazar el concepto de incidencia de la enfermedad en la población por incidencia entre los infectados.
Estos dos conceptos epidemiológicos, incidencia de la infección e incidencia de la enfermedad, han sido extensamente estudiados en años recientes en otros países y se refieren a ellos como riesgo de infección y riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad, respectivamente (1,3,4,5).
La magnitud de estos dos riesgos y su variabilidad bajo. diferentes circunstancias, puede ser estudiada y medida de dos formas: directa e indirecta.
En la forma directa un grupo de individuos, representativos, es seguido durante un período y la ocurrencia de la infección y posterior desarrollo de la enfermedad es registrado. Debido a las dificultades que surgen del seguimiento, durante períodos largos; se desarrolló la forma indirecta, que consiste en análisis estadístico-matemático de la información obtenida sobre la prevalencia de infección y la incidencia conocida de la enfermedad.
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References
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