Medição dos níveis de colinesterases eritrocitárias em cultivadores usuários de pesticidas e profissionais de agroecologia, San Cristóbal, Medellín, Colômbia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.v37n3a04Palavras-chave:
pesticidas, agricultores, colinesterase eritrocitária, agroecologia, San Cristóbal (Medellín, Colômbia)Resumo
Objetivo: Analisar o valor das colinesterases eritrocitárias como biomarcador da exposição a pesticidas (organofosfatos e carbamatos) e os possíveis efeitos na saúde de os seus usuários e estagiários do curso agroecologia no distrito de San Cristóbal, Medellín, Colômbia. Metodologia: Estudo em metodologia de corte. Uma amostra de 40 cultivadores foi medida para esse biomarcador. Relacionou-se com informação demográfica, descrição das práticas agrícolas e exame clínico. Resultados: De acordo com os níveis de colinesterase eritrocitária em indivíduos que usam ou não pesticidas, os resultados mostraram um valor significativo naqueles que não os utilizam (p = 0,042). Não houve resultados significativos (p> 0,05) entre as mulheres que usavam pesticidas que alteram a colinesterase e as que não usavam, enquanto nos homens eram (p<0,032). No entanto, não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas na colinesterase eritrocitária entre o grupo de usuários de pesticidas e estagiários da agroecologia. Uma descoberta importante foi o uso errado do equipamento de proteção individual e a falta de supervisão técnica respeito do uso adequado de pesticidas. Não foram encontrados sintomas associados ao envenenamento por pesticidas no momento em que as informações foram coletadas. Conclusões: Usuários de pesticidas inibidores das colinesterases apresentaram níveis mais baixos de colinesterase eritrocitária do que aqueles que praticavam agroecologia. O uso de equipamentos de proteção foi ruim. Por tudo isso, essa população deve melhorar as medidas de proteção e promover práticas agrícolas mais amigáveis à saúde e ao meio ambiente, como a agroecologia.
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