Intervenções preventivas para comportamento suicida em estudantes: revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.e354207Palavras-chave:
Prevenção ao Suicídio, suicídio, alunos, Prevenção primária, tentativa de suicidioResumo
Objetivo: identificar intervenções preventivas para comportamento suicida em adolescentes estudantes e jovens diferentes do modelo Guardians.
Metodologia: revisão sistemática com busca em 11 bases de dados, sobre intervenções preventivas para ideação e tentativa de suicídio em ambientes educacionais. Foi realizada avaliação da qualidade metodológica dos artigos e avaliação de vieses, por meio da ferramenta Cochrane RCT de risco de viés RoB1 para ensaios clínicos, TREND para quase-experimentos e Ciapponi para observacionais; foi realizada síntese qualitativa.
Resultados: foram incluídos 26 artigos de 31.636, com intervenções educativas presenciais e virtuais com o objetivo de aumentar o conhecimento e melhorar as atitudes sobre o suicídio e facilitar a busca por ajuda; programas que combinavam educação teórica e prática sobre comportamento suicida; e programas de intervenção direta para indivíduos de alto risco que mostraram reduções significativas na ideação e tentativa de suicídio. Tudo feito na escola ou universidade. Com relação à avaliação de vieses, apenas um estudo apresentou baixa qualidade. Todos os estudos relataram resultados positivos no aumento do conhecimento sobre suicídio, atitudes aprimoradas em relação a colegas suicidas, redução da ideação e tentativa de suicídio, aumento da procura de ajuda e uso de serviços de apoio disponíveis no ambiente.
Conclusão: existe uma variedade de intervenções para prevenir o comportamento suicida, algumas baseadas em modelos teóricos, outras não. É necessário aprofundar o estudo desses programas para orientar sua implementação em outros contextos e tomadas de decisão em Saúde Coletiva.
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