Manifestaciones tempranas de sobreentrenamiento en deportistas en el período precompetitivo antes de unos juegos nacionales: un estudio transversal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.18319Palabras clave:
Atletas, Deportes, Epidemiología, Rendimiento Atlético, SobrecargaResumen
Objetivo: evaluar la frecuencia de manifestaciones tempranas del síndrome de sobre-entrenamiento (SSE) en deportistas antioqueños en el período precompetitivo antes de los Juegos Nacionales, Colombia 2012.
Materiales y métodos: con el cuestionario de la Sociedad Francesa de Medicina del Deporte (SMFS) se hizo un estudio transversal de 153 deportistas de alto rendimiento pertenecientes a 28 disciplinas diferentes.
Resultados: el promedio de edad fue de 23,6 ± 5,5 años; 56,9% eran hombres. La frecuencia de los síntomas tempranos del SSE fue del 24,8%. En los afectados se halló mayor volumen de entrenamiento (24,3 ± 10,3 frente a 19,7 ± 9,4 horas/semana; p = 0,018), con mayor frecuencia pertenecían a una disciplina individual (81,6% frente a 55,7%; p = 0,017), estaban estudiando (76,3% frente a 56,5%; p = 0,030), se encontraban en períodos de exámenes (42,1 frente a 21,2%; p = 0,029) y habían percibido más situaciones de estrés en el último mes (62,2% frente a 16,2%; p < 0,01).
Conclusiones: se encontró una alta frecuencia de manifestaciones tempranas del SSE, que fue mayor en las mujeres que en los hombres. Diversos factores individuales, relacionados con el entrenamiento y el tipo de deporte, podrían estar asociados con dichas manifestaciones.
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