Sistema endocannabinoide y el rol del cannabis medicinal en el tratamiento de la espasticidad: una revisión narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.207Palabras clave:
Cannabidiol, cannabis, Dronabinol, Endocannabinoides, Espasticidad MuscularResumen
Hasta la fecha se han identificado más de 500 fitocannabinnoides derivados de la planta de Cannabis sativa, entre los cuales los más importantes son el Δ9-tetra-hidrocannabinol (THC) y el cannabidiol (CBD). Ambas moléculas interactúan con el sistema endocannabinoide y generan un efecto terapéutico en diferentes desórdenes neurológicos, dentro de los cuales se incluye la espasticidad. El mecanismo de acción postulado considera que el THC modula la hiperexcitabilidad de la neurona motora inferior, lo que provoca una disminución en el tono muscular, mientras que el CBD genera un efecto antiinflamatorio que contribuye a reducir el dolor. El uso terapéutico de estas moléculas en sujetos con espasticidad refractaria causada por diferentes etiologías ha permitido la mejoría de síntomas como los calambres, el dolor y el insomnio, lo que a su vez ha llevado a disminuir la dosis de fármacos antiespásticos y analgésicos. Esta revisión narrativa pretende ilustrar brevemente a la comunidad hispanohablante la fisiología del sistema endocannabinoide, la farmacología de los cannabinoides y su forma de uso, y sintetiza la información más relevante de los estudios que sugieren que estas moléculas son una potencial terapia en espasticidad refractaria.
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