Desórdenes orales potencialmente malignos: factores de riesgo y expresión de p16 INK4a
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.243Palabras clave:
Genes P16ink4a, Leucoplasia Bucal, Neoplasias de la Boca, Virus del Papiloma HumanoResumen
La incidencia de los desórdenes orales potencialmente malignos (DOPM) de cavidad oral ha aumentado en los últimos años, por lo que la identificación de los factores de riesgo modificables y no modificables, y de la infección por genotipos del virus de papiloma humano (VPH) de alto riesgo, se han vuelto objeto de múltiples investigaciones para determinar qué pacientes tienen mayor riesgo de progresión a carcinoma escamocelular de cavidad oral (CECO). El objetivo de esta revisión fue identificar los principales factores de riesgo descritos para los DOPM y qué investigaciones se han realizado para evaluar la función de la tinción inmunohistoquímica de p16 INK4a en la progresión de estas lesiones. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura de artículos publicados en los últimos 50 años en las bases de datos PUBMED, MEDLINE y SCOPUS. Dentro de lo observado, se encontró que la incidencia de los desórdenes varía mucho según el sexo y la edad; los principales hábitos de riesgo son el consumo crónico de alcohol y el tabaquismo. Por último, no se encontró evidencia suficiente que correlacione la infección por genotipos de VPH de alto riesgo y la tinción inmunohistoquímica de p16 INK4a para establecer cuáles lesiones de bajo grado van a malignizarse.
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