C-Myc gene alterations in oncogenesis

Abstract

The family of MYC proto-oncogenes (c-Myc, N-Myc and L-Myc) is related to various types of cancer in humans. These genes act as transcription factors and are involved in cell cycle regulation as well as in the immortalization, apoptosis, proliferation and cell differentiation. They are expressed in different tissues and respond to various internal and external signals. They code for the synthesis of transcription factors that bind to DNA to modulate the expression of different genes. The most widely studied gene in this family is c-Myc, which expresses in cells with higher rate of proliferation. This gene shows alterations in many solid tumors, leukemias, and lymphomas. The most widely found alterations of c-Myc in cancer cells are amplifications, translocations, point mutations, and chromosomal rearrangements that involve its locus and lead to dys-regulation of its expression in different human malignancies. Amplification of c-Myc is frequent in breast, lung, ovarian and prostate cancers, as well as in leukemias and lymphomas. Loss of its regulation is common in colon cancer, gynecological tumors and melanoma. In tumors with c-Myc deffects present studies aim at the development of new therapeutic strategies.