Redes en estado de reposo: revisión y aplicaciones de un concepto en evolución
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.v29n4a05Palabras clave:
análisis de componentes independientes, estado de reposoResumen
El concepto de redes en estado de reposo se refiere a fluctuaciones coherentes de la actividad cerebral, presentes en forma de redes que aparecen cuando los sujetos no están ocupados en alguna actividad o proceso cognitivo superior. Estas redes han sido identificadas en estudios de resonancia magnética funcional y reflejan un alto nivel de conectividad del cerebro humano. El concepto ha crecido en notoriedad hasta tal punto que ahora es casi rutina entre los grupos que usan resonancia magnética en sus investigaciones. Se ha estudiado la actividad de las redes en estado de reposo en el envejecimiento, el deterioro cognitivo leve y diversas enfermedades neurológicas y psiquiátricas. Además, se ha demostrado su existencia en otros primates y en ratas. En esta revisión se presenta una visión general del concepto, así como de las herramientas para la adquisición y el análisis. Igualmente se discuten algunas investigaciones relevantes sobre el tema y su impacto en diversas entidades clínicas.
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