A robust watermarking technique based on image normalization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.14812Keywords:
digital watermarking, image normalization, geometric attacks, texture classification, discrete cosine transformAbstract
This paper presents a robust watermarking method against geometric distortions and several other signal processing schemes. In the proposed watermarking method, image normalization is used to get geometric invariant features. The watermark embedding and detection process are carried out in the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain. A DCT based texture classification is used to classify each image block to embed a stronger as possible watermark, while maintaining watermark imperceptibility. The proposed watermarking scheme is a public watermarking, where the original image is not available for watermark detection. The experimental results show the watermark imperceptibility and robustness against geometric distortion such as rotation, scaling and various other Affine transformation, and common signal processing schemes, such as JPEG compression, Gaussian and impulsive noise contamination.
Downloads
References
I. J. Cox, M. L. Miller, J. A. Bloom. Digital Watermarking, San Francisco CA. Ed. Morgan Kaufmann. 2002. pp. 1-40 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-155860714-9/50002-X
G. C. Langelaar, I. Setyawan, R. L. Lagendijk. “Watermarking Digital Image and Video Data”. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine. Vol. 17. 2000. pp. 20-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/79.879337
M. Barni. “Effectiveness of exhaustive search and template matching against watermark desynchronization”. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing Latter. Vol. 12. 2005. pp. 158-161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/LSP.2004.840872
J. O. Ruanaidh, T. Pun. “Rotation, scale and translation invariant digital image watermarking”. Proc. ICIP’ 97. Atlanta. Vol. 1. 1997. pp. 536-539.
S. Roy, E. Chang. “Watermarking Color Histograms”. Proc. ICIP’ 2004. Vol. 1. 2004. pp. 2191-2194.
Z. Fan, Y. Zhao. “Image Watermarking Resisting to Geometrical Attacks Based on Histogram”. Proc. Int. Conf. on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing. 2006. pp.79-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IIH-MSP.2006.264959
S. Pereira, T. Pun. “Robust template matching for affine resistant image watermarks”. IEEE Trans. On Image Processing. Vol. 9. 2000. pp. 1123-1129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/83.846253
J. L. Dugelay, S. Roche, C. Rey, G. Doërr. “Still- Image Watermarking Robust to Local Geometric Distortions”. IEEE Trans. on Image Processing. Vol. 15. 2006. pp. 2831-2842. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2006.877311
E. Izquierdo. “Using Invariant Image Features for Synchronization”. Eurasip Journal on Applied Signal Processing. Vol. 2. 2002. pp. 410-417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/S1110865702000719
C. Tang, H. M. hang. “A Feature-Based Robust Digital Image Watermarking Scheme”. IEEE Trans on Signal Processing. Vol. 51. 2003. pp. 950-959. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2003.809367
M. K. Hu. “Visual Pattern Recognition by Moment Invariants”. IRE Trans. on Information Theory. Vol. 8. 1962. pp. 179-187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.1962.1057692
P. Dong, J. B. Brankov, N. P. Galatsanos, Y. Yang, F. Davoine. “Digital Watermarking robust to geometric distortions”. IEEE Trans. on Image Processing. Vol. 14. 2005, pp. 2140-2150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2005.857263
J. Huang, Y. Q. Shi. “Adaptive image watermarking scheme based on visual masking”. IEEE Electronics Letter. Vol. 34. 1998. pp. 748-750. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19980545
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Revista Facultad de Ingeniería
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Revista Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.en
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
The material published in the journal can be distributed, copied and exhibited by third parties if the respective credits are given to the journal. No commercial benefit can be obtained and derivative works must be under the same license terms as the original work.