Modelación de la renovación de la carga en motores cuatro tiempos. Una revisión
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https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.326581Palabras clave:
Modelado, renovación de la carga, métodos numéricos, ecuaciones, estable y transitorio.Resumen
Este articulo presenta una revisión bibliográfica sobre las modelaciones matemáticas para el proceso de renovación de la carga en motores de combustión interna alternativos (MCIA) de cuatro tiempos, el cual se constituye en una herramienta básica para lograr minimizar el trabajo que el motor realiza sobre los flujos entrante y saliente, ya que los elementos fisicos propios de la admisión y del escape son los responsables de la eficiencia del proceso y, con ello, de la potencia obtenible.
La renovación de la carga se aborda por medio de modelos de flujo de aire, los cuales se clasifican, en su orden de complejidad y precisión, en cuasiestacionarios, de llenado y vaciado, y de acción de ondas (MAO). En la actualidad el interés se centra en los fenómenos transitorios y tridimensionales, aunque en la literatura predomina el análisis estable de preferencia unidimensional. De esta manera puede conocerse acertadamente la influencia de cada uno de los elementos fisicos que componen el sistema de renovación de la carga.
Las técnicas de diferencias finitas son las más usadas para solucionar los sistemas de ecuaciones resultantes. Lo anterior está soportado en una sólida herramienta computacional que permite, cada vez más, que los ingenieros no tengan que ocuparse del manejo matemático y convergencia de los modelos, lo cual hasta hace unos años fue incluso abordado gráficamente.
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