Prevalencia y factores asociados al insomnio y mala calidad de sueño en pacientes con VIH/SIDA en Sevilla, España
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.14416Keywords:
Calidad de sueño, insomnio, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, VIH/SIDAAbstract
Antecedentes: La mala calidad de sueño puede tener un impacto negativo sobre la calidad de vida de la población en general, y en pacientes VIH+ puede influir negativamente sobre la adherencia del tratamiento antirretroviral. A pesar de ello, hay pocos trabajos que hayan estudiado la cantidad de personas con VIH/SIDA que padecen este trastorno del sueño. Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia y factores asociados al insomnio y mala calidad de sueño en un grupo de pacientes con VIH+ en España. Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo trasversal. En el estudio se incluyó a pacientes mayores de 18 años diagnosticados con VIH/SIDA pertenecientes al programa de Atención Farmacéutica del servicio de farmacia del Hospital Virgen de Valme de Sevilla (España). Todos los pacientes completaron el Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index para medir la calidad de sueño, y el Insomnia Severity Index para medir la gravedad del insomnio. Los factores asociados con la calidad de sueño fueron determinados mediante una regresión logística multivariante. Por su parte, los factores asociados a la gravedad del insomnio fueron estudiados mediante una regresión lineal multivariante. Resultados: Se incluyó 188 pacientes con una edad media de 45 años (desviación estándar DE = 8,4). El 78,7% fueron hombres. El recuento medio de CD4+ fue 609,3 (DE = 318,0), y de CD8+ fue 868,7 (DE = 446,7). La media del PSQI fue de 7,0 (DE = 4,6), y 105 (55,9%) pacientes fueron clasificados como malos dormidores (PSQI > 5). La puntuación media obtenida en el ISI fue 7,3 (DE = 9,1). En los buenos dormidores la puntuación media fue de 1,3 (DE = 2,3) y en los malos dormidores fue de 12,0 (DE = 9,7) (p < 0,001). En los malos dormidores, el 40,9% tuvieron insomnio moderado o grave. La correlación entre la puntuación del PSQI y el ISI fue 0,775 (p< 0,001). Variables como adherencia, género, edad, recuento de CD4 ó CD8 no estuvieron relacionadas con el trastorno del sueño. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de malos dormidores y de insomnes, según el PSQI y el ISI, respectivamente, es bastante mayor en pacientes con VIH/SIDA que en la población general (aproximadamente 20%), pero esto no está asociado con la adherencia del tratamiento.Downloads
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