Inclusión de compuestos químicos en matrices poliméricas de quitosano y su efecto en las propiedades de película
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.15320Keywords:
Quitosano, polímeros, películas modificadas, aditivos alimentariosAbstract
Antecedentes: El quitosano es un polisacárido biodegradable producido a partir de la quitina que se extrae de residuos provenientes de la industria pesquera. Actualmente, los esfuerzos de las investigaciones apuntan hacia la obtención y modificación de películas de quitosano empleadas en una amplia cantidad de aplicaciones industriales, con el objetivo de brindar soluciones tecnológicas para los actuales requerimientos. Entre las modificaciones se puede resaltar la inclusión de diferentes compuestos químicos, buscando modificar las propiedades antimicrobianas, físicas y químicas de las películas de quitosano. Entre los compuestos químicos incluidos se encuentran diferentes solventes, plastificantes, emulsificantes y antioxidantes, además de otras sustancias como carbohidratos, proteínas, lípidos, polímeros, minerales y antibióticos. Objetivos: El objetivo del presente artículo de revisión fue sistematizar los nuevos avances en el campo de inclusión de sustancias químicas en las matrices poliméricas de quitosano. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica de las investigaciones desarrolladas en los últimos 10 años. Inicialmente, se identificaron y se seleccionaron los estudios más representativos relacionados con el campo de la ciencia y tecnología de alimentos, específicamente sobre el efecto de la inclusión de sustancias químicas en películas de quitosano. Posteriormente, se compiló la información y se presentó de forma organizada y resumida para brindar al lector un escrito claro y conciso sobre las investigaciones desarrolladas y los resultados obtenidos en estos estudios. Resultados: Se presenta una descripción general sobre los aspectos fundamentales involucrados en la inclusión de los compuestos químicos y las interacciones que ocurren entre la matriz polimérica de quitosano y las sustancias químicas incluidas, de acuerdo a su función y a su composición. Conclusiones: Las últimas investigaciones han demostrado que la inclusión de compuestos químicos modifican las propiedades físicas, químicas y antimicrobianas de las películas de quitosano, debido a las interacciones moleculares entre estos compuestos y la matriz polimérica, así como otros factores involucrados. Por tanto, los desafíos actuales se basan en proponer métodos innovadores para la inclusión de compuestos químicos que mejoren las propiedades de las películas de quitosano.
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