Estabilidad de antocianinas durante el almacenamiento de jugos de arándanos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.v23n3a03Keywords:
Estabilidad de antocianinas, cinética de degradación, almacenamiento de jugos de arándanosAbstract
Antecedentes: Los arándanos y productos de arándano tienen alto valor nutricional, especialmente por su alto contenido de antocianinas. Estas son potentes antioxidantes y poseen alta capacidad de secuestrar radicales libres. Así, los arándanos y productos de arándanos han resultado atractivos para los consumidores interesados en alimentos funcionales. Sin embargo, los tratamientos térmicos y posterior almacenamiento de productos alimenticios influyen en el contenido de antocianinas. La cinética de degradación de las antocianinas puede ser evaluada desde una perspectiva termodinámica, basada en funciones como energía libre, entalpía, entropía y energía de activación. Objetivos: Se estudió el efecto de la pasteurización y la estabilidad de antocianinas presentes en jugos de arándanos, sin pasteurizar y pasteurizados, durante el almacenamiento. Métodos: Jugos de arándanos sin pasteurizar y pasteurizados fueron almacenados a -18, 0, 5 y 10°C durante 148 días. A intervalos de tiempos se cuantificó la concentración de antocianinas monoméricas totales. Se realizó un Análisis de Componentes Principales y los resultados experimentales se ajustaron a modelos cinéticos de orden cero y uno, y a los modelos de Arrhenius y Eyring. Resultados: La pasteurización provocó disminución del 28,5% en la concentración inicial de antocianinas monoméricas totales, mientras que para todas las temperaturas estudiadas, la disminución de antocianinas en función del tiempo de almacenamiento siguió una cinética de primer orden. En el jugo sin pasteurizar, la constante de velocidad de degradación varió entre 0,0080 - 0,0084 días-1 y el tiempo de vida media, entre 75 - 87 días. En el jugo pasteurizado, la constante de velocidad de degradación varió entre 0,0023 - 0,0060 días-1 y el tiempo de vida media, entre 116-301 días. En éste la energía de activación, la energía libre de Gibbs, entalpía y entropía de activación fueron 44,66 kJ/mol, 83,80 kJ/mol, 42,35 kJ/mol y -139,09 J/mol.K, respectivamente”. Conclusiones: El tratamiento de pasteurización provocó disminución del 28,5% en la concentración de antocianinas monoméricas totales iniciales de los jugos de arándano. La estabilidad de las antocianinas durante el almacenamiento fue mayor en los jugos pasteurizados, siendo mayor cuando se almacenaron a 0°C; mientras que en los jugos pasteurizados almacenados a -18°C las antocianinas mostraron menor estabilidad.Downloads
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