Actividad antioxidante del complejo de inclusión del extracto de semilla de Bixa orellana en β-ciclodextrina obtenido por CO2 supercrítico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.v25n2a04Keywords:
Antioxidantes, Bixa orellana, Depuradores de radicales libresAbstract
Antecedentes: los extractos de Bixa orellana son utilizados como colorante de alimentos, y presentan una actividad antioxidante de importancia farmacéutica. Su uso puede limitarse por su inestabilidad, donde el proceso de inclusión en β-ciclodextrina (β-CD) por fluido supercrítico con CO2 (FSC-CO2) es una alternativa para mediar esta desventaja. Objetivos: comparar diferentes condiciones de temperatura y presión de extracción por FSC-CO2, para determinar cuál de estas permite obtener un extracto de Bixa orellana con mayor actividad antioxidante, y evaluar el efecto de la inclusión en β-CD, en dicha capacidad antioxidante. Métodos: se obtuvieron extractos por FSC-CO2 variando condiciones de presión y temperatura: (I) 3583 psi, 35°C, (II) 1413 psi, 35°C, (III) 2184 psi, 45°C, (IV) 5076 psi, 45°C, y (V) 2300 psi, 40°C. Se evaluó la actividad antioxidante de los extractos obtenidos mediante el método DPPH, determinando su IC50. Se realizó el complejo de inclusión en β-CD del extracto que presentó la mayor actividad antioxidante, por el método FSC-CO2, y fue caracterizado por IR, DSC y RMN. Mediante análisis comparativo de los espectros de la β-CD, extracto libre y el complejo extracto/β-CD, se verificó el acomplejamiento, y se evaluó la capacidad antioxidante del complejo de inclusión. Resultados: el extracto con mayor actividad antioxidante se obtuvo bajo la condición de extracción IV, con un IC50 de 23,55 μg/mL, seguido del extracto II (28,76 μg/mL), del extracto III (37,23 μg/mL), del extracto V (81,09 μg/mL) y del extracto I (193,82 μg/mL), los cuales presentaron diferencias significativas (P<0,01). Los espectros obtenidos por IR, DSC y RMN presentaron desplazamientos propios del proceso de encapsulamiento. El valor IC50 del complejo extracto/β-CD fue de 104,84 μg/mL, siendo significativamente mayor al valor obtenido para el extracto puro (23,55 µg/mL). Conclusión: el extracto de Bixa orellana con una actividad antioxidante mayor se obtuvo por fluido supercrítico a 5076 psi de presión y 45°C de temperatura. Las variaciones de los espectros IR, DSC y RMN demuestran la inclusión del extracto en la β-CD, y los valores de IC50 indican el efecto protector de la β-CD ante la reacción con el radical DPPH.Downloads
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