Nuevos procesos de biodegradación de colorantes, utilizando hongos de la podredumbre blanca de la madera
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.437Keywords:
hongos de la pobredumbre blanca de la madera, degradaciòn de colorantes, enzimas, lacasa, manganesoo, peroxidasa, white rot fungi, dyes degradation, enzyme, laccase, manganese-peroxidaseAbstract
Los colorantes sintéticos son extensamente utilizados en la elaboración de productos farmaceúticos, cosméticos, alimentos, y en muchos otros sectores manufactureros. Durante los procesos de producción y de coloración, de 10 a 15% de los colorantes utilizados, son vertidos en los afluentes como desechos contaminantes, los cuales tienen gran persistencia, son tóxicos y por tanto deben ser degradados o al menos totalmente neutralizados antes de ir al ambiente. Los hongos que causan podredumbre blanca de la madera han demostrado su capacidad para degradar colorantes. En este trabajo estudian 57 cepas de hongos de la colección que existe en la Universidad Católica de Lovaina y el Instituto de Higiene de Varsovia (Polonia) - mediante el ensayo de decoloración en microplacas-. Se seleccionan 17 hongos que muestran decoloración o cambio de color de dos colorantes, uno azoico y otro antraquinónico. Con ellos se hacen estudios de las condiciones fisiológicas: fuentes de carbono y nitrógeno, temperatura, agitación, formas de crecimiento libre o inmovilizadas y condiciones que favorecen la expresión de las enzimas manganeso peroxidasa - MnP- y la lacasa, que han sido identificadas como responsables de la degradación de los colorantes. En este trabajo se presentan además los resultados de 5 cepas seleccionadas sobre aguas con residuos del colorante azul índigo, obteniéndose una disminución del color del 95.3% al quinto día, en todas las muestras evaluadas.
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