Exposición a Bisfenol A (BPA) en mujeres embarazadas y su relación con la obesidad en sus hijos: Revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.v36n1a08Palabras clave:
bisfenol A, disruptor endocrino, salud, obesidad, exposición prenatalResumen
Introducción: El bisfenol A (BPA) es un contaminante químico no persistente que altera el funcionamiento normal del sistema endocrino. Se sugiere que la exposición prenatal se asocia con la obesidad en la descendencia. Objetivo: Revisar la literatura sobre la exposición al BPA en mujeres embarazadas y su relación con la obesidad en sus hijos. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de acuerdo a la guía PRISMA. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Clinical Key, Medline, Ebsco y Scielo y el motor de búsqueda Google Scholar hasta el 30 de Abril de 2017 por dos investigadores independientes que utilizaron los mismos términos de búsqueda. Se incluyeron estudios prospectivos de cohorte realizados que midieron el BPA en la orina materna. Resultados: Se incluyeron 5 estudios con tamaños de muestra entre 297 y 757 binomios madre e hijo, se encontró asociación positiva entre la exposición prenatal a BPA con la circunferencia de cintura en niños de cuatro años β: 0.28 (IC95%:0.01 a 0.57) y el índice de masa grasa β: 0.31 (IC95%: 0.01 a 0.60) en dos de los estudios. Se observaron asociaciones positivas y/o negativas no significativas con índice de masa corporal y su puntaje Z, porcentaje de grasa, sobrepeso/obesidad, peso y talla al nacer, porcentaje de masa grasa. Conclusión: Los resultados de estudios epidemiológicos de cohorte, limita las afirmaciones sobre un vínculo causal entre la exposición prenatal BPA y la obesidad postnatal.
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