Formaldehido: Revisión de biomarcadores de efecto para la medición de la exposición ocupacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.v37n3a09Palabras clave:
formaldehído, biomarcadores, exposición ocupacional, efectos adversos, riesgos laborales, seguridad ocupacional, aductos de ADN, ColombiaResumen
A pesar de las grades cantidades de formaldehído que se usa en la industria, la vigilancia de los efectos sobre la salud, derivados de la exposición ocupacional, sigue siendo un aspecto por mejorar en los programas de prevención de riesgos laborales. Objetivo: Identificar los diferentes biomarcadores de efecto que han sido propuestos para ser utilizados como indicadores indirectos de exposición a formaldehído y que se encuentran reportados en la literatura científica. Metodología: Se hizo una revisión bibliográfica desde el año 1990 hasta el primer trimestre del año 2018, usando los descriptores: “Formaldehído”, “Biomarcador”, “Exposición profesional”. Se consultaron las bases de datos y se complementó la búsqueda inicial, mediante la consulta de la bibliografía citada por los autores de los artículos seleccionados. Se revisaron los resúmenes de los artículos y se seleccionaron aquellos que, luego de un análisis preliminar, se identificó contenían información relevante para la investigación. Resultados: Se encontraron 57 artículos relevantes para la revisión que contenían información sobre biomarcadores de efecto en poblaciones de trabajadores expuestos a formaldehído, algunos estudios en animales y células in vitro. Se resumieron los biomarcadores usados, listaron los estudios y describieron brevemente los hallazgos de cada uno. Conclusiones: La falta de conocimiento y entendimiento de los mecanismos toxicocinéticos y toxicodinámicos del formaldehído en los seres humanos limita la aplicación de un biomarcador de efecto que mida de manera práctica y sencilla la exposición al formaldehído exógeno.
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