Procedimiento para el análisis y la prevención de errores de medicación usando el enfoque de la ergonomía

Yaniel Torres; Yordán Rodríguez; Elizabeth Pérez

doi:10.17533/udea.rfnsp.e346223

Autores/as

Yaniel Torres École de technologie supérieure
Yordán Rodríguez Universidad de Antioquia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-4336
Elizabeth Pérez Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.e346223

Palabras clave:

factores humanos y ergonomía, errores de medicación, errores por procedimientos incorrectos, seguridad del paciente, sistemas de medicación

Resumen

Los errores de medicación representan un problema de salud pública que afecta la seguridad del paciente y la calidad de los servicios de salud a escala global. En este artículo se presenta un procedimiento para el análisis y la prevención de los errores de medicación desde la perspectiva de la ergonomía, ejemplificándose su aplicación mediante un caso de estudio ilustrativo de administración de un medicamento inyectable. Como parte del procedimiento expuesto, se incluyeron los reconocidos métodos Hierarchical Task Analysis (hta) para el análisis de la tarea y Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach (sherpa) para la identificación de los modos de error. Para la valoración de riegos se propone una matriz de riesgos cualitativa. El procedimiento propuesto quedó conformado por cuatro etapas: 1) selección de la tarea objeto de estudio, 2) análisis detallado de la tarea, 3) predicción de la posibilidad de error y 4) desarrollo de estrategias para la reducción del error. Se espera que la utilización sistemática de este procedimiento contribuya en la mejora de la calidad de los servicios de salud, disminuyendo los errores humanos y los posibles eventos adversos.

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Biografía del autor/a

Yaniel Torres, École de technologie supérieure

Máster en ingeniería de riesgos de seguridad y salud del trabajo. École de technologie supérieure, Canadá. Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia

Yordán Rodríguez, Universidad de Antioquia

Doctor en Ergonomía. Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia

Elizabeth Pérez, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana

Magíster en Toma de decisiones. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Colombia

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