Infección por el virus de la hepatitis A: epidemiología y diversidad genética
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.v28n2a06Palabras clave:
epidemiología, hepatitis, salud pública, virus de la hepatitis AResumen
La infección por el virus de la hepatitis A es un problema global de salud pública. El virus está ampliamente distribuido y es la principal causa de hepatitis aguda de transmisión entérica en Latinoamérica. La partícula viral es estable en el medio ambiente y conserva su infectividad por varias semanas, lo que facilita su transmisión por agua y alimentos contaminados. Mundialmente se han descrito distintos patrones epidemiológicos, que pueden cambiar en el tiempo al modificarse variables socioeconómicas en la población como las condiciones sanitarias básicas y la vacunación. Esto deja al descubierto nuevas poblaciones susceptibles a la infección. En Latinoamérica se ha descrito la circulación del genotipo I y los subgenotipos A y B, pero se requieren más investigaciones que aporten el conocimiento necesario para gestionar planes de prevención y control para la disminución mundial de la prevalencia de la infección. Para este artículo se hizo una revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos SciELO, PubMed y ScienceDirect bajo los términos de búsqueda “Virus de la hepatitis A”, “Epidemiología”, “Seroprevalencia” e “Infección”. De los resultados obtenidos se incluyeron únicamente las publicaciones en inglés y español que describieran estudios epidemiológicos y moleculares de interés en Latinoamérica.
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