Surgimiento de los micro-RNA como biomarcadores potenciales en diversas enfermedades
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.v29n3a07Palabras clave:
enfermedades cardiovasculares, hepatopatías, marcadores biológicos, Micro-ARN, neoplasiasResumen
El objetivo de esta revisión es evidenciar el potencial de los micro-RNA (mi-RNA) como biomarcadores en diferentes enfermedades. Los mi-RNA son ácidos nucleicos de ≈ 22 nucleótidos que regulan la traducción de RNA mensajeros (mRNA) codificantes y producen una regulación postranscripcional de la expresión génica. La mayoría de ellos son altamente conservados y tienen una distribución tisular específica, de manera que juegan un papel importante como reguladores de la función celular y la fisiopatología de los diferentes órganos del cuerpo humano. Los mi-RNA surgen como candidatos para ser biomarcadores debido a que se han encontrado cambios en su expresión en diversas enfermedades (cáncer, daño hepático y cardiopatías), con alteración de sus niveles en plasma, suero, orina y saliva. Sin embargo, aunque algunos presentan consistencia en su perfil de expresión, otros han sido reportados como posibles candidatos para más de una enfermedad, lo que limita su especificidad y su utilidad diagnóstica. Es pertinente hacer nuevos estudios que ahonden sobre su significado en procesos patológicos y sobre su papel como posibles biomarcadores.
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