Efectos adversos de la terapia con glucocorticoides
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.96Palabras clave:
diabetes mellitus, dislipidemias, glucocorticoides, hipertensión, síndrome de Cushing, osteoporosisResumen
Los glucocorticoides son medicamentos ampliamente usados para el manejo de muchas enfermedades crónicas; a pesar de esto, están asociados con múltiples efectos adversos que pueden afectar diferentes órganos. En la presente revisión se hará una descripción de los efectos derivados del uso de estos sobre el eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-adrenales y los diferentes sistemas, haciendo énfasis en el sistema cardiovascular y óseo.
Descargas
Citas
(1) Fardet L, Fève B. Systemic Glucocorticoid Therapy: A Review of its Metabolic and Cardiovascular Adverse Events. Drugs. 2014;74:1731-45. DOI 10.1007/s40265-014-0282-9.
(2) Paragliola RM, Papi G, Pontecorvi A, Corsello SM. Treatment with Synthetic Glucocorticoids and the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017;18(10):2201-18. DOI 10.3390/ijms18102201.
(3) Decani S, Federighi V, Baruzzi E, Sardella A, Lodi G. Iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome and topical steroid therapy: case series and review of the literature. J Dermatolog Treat. 2014;25:495–500. DOI 10.3109/09546634.2012.755252.
(4) Joseph RM, Hunter AL, Ray DW, Dixon WG. Systemic glucocorticoid therapy and adrenal insufficiency in adults: A systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016;46(1):133--41. DOI 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.03.001.
(5) Nakamura M, Abrouk M, Zhu H, Farahnik B, Koo J, Bhutani T. Update on the Systemic Risks of Superpotent Topical Steroids. J Drugs Dermatol. 2017 Jul 1;16(7):643-8.
(6) Jinagal J, Gupta PC, Pilania RK, Ram J. Systemic toxicity of topical corticosteroids. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2019 Apr;67(4):559-61. DOI 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1091_18.
(7) Negrini S, Murdaca G, Ferone D, Borro M. Adult iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome induced by topical skin corticosteroid misuse. Therapie. 2019 Oct;74(5):547-9. DOI 10.1016/j.therap.2019.03.005.
(8) Baş VN, Cetinkaya S, Aycan Z. Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome due to nasal steroid drops. Eur J Pediatr. 2012 Apr;171(4):735-6. DOI 10.1007/s00431-011-1645-9.
(9) Ramanathan R, Pau AK, Busse KH, Zemskova M, Nieman L, Kwan R, Hammer JH, Mican JM, Maldarelli F. Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome after epidural triamcinolone injections in an HIV type 1-infected patient receiving therapy with ritonavir-lopinavir. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Dec 15;47(12):e97-9. DOI 10.1086/593314.
(10) Chiang MY, Sarkar M, Koppens JM, Milles J, Shah P. Exogenous Cushing’s syndrome and topical ocular steroids. Eye (Lond). 2006 Jun;20(6):725-7. DOI 10.1038/sj.eye.6701956.
(11) Fukuhara D, Takiura T, Keino H, Okada AA, Yan K. Iatrogenic Cushing’s Syndrome Due to Topical Ocular Glucocorticoid Treatment. Pediatrics. 2017 Feb;139(2):e20161233. DOI 10.1542/peds.2016-1233.
(12) Tempark T, Phatarakijnirund V, Chatproedprai S, Watcharasindhu S, Supornsilchai V, Wananukul S. Exogenous Cushing’s syndrome due to topical corticosteroid application: case report and review literature. Endocrine. 2010 Dec;38(3):328-34. DOI 10.1007/s12020-010-9393-6.
(13) John G, Ollo D, Meyer P, Samer CF, Calmy A. Pulmonary embolism and iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome after co-administration of injected-triamcinolone and ritonavir. AIDS. 2013 Nov 13;27(17):2827-8. DOI
1097/QAD.0000000000000010.
(14) Mahlab-Guri K, Asher I, Gradstein S, Zung A, Radian-Sade S, Elbirt D, Sthoeger Z. Inhaled fluticasone causes iatrogenic cushing’s syndrome in patients treated with Ritonavir. J Asthma. 2011 Oct;48(8):860-3. DOI 10.3109/02770903.2011.606580.
(15) Azevedo L, Pêgo H, Souto Moura T, Germano I. Iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome and osteoporosis due to an interaction between fluticasone and ritonavir. BMJ Case Rep. 2015 Oct 29;2015:bcr2015211080. DOI 10.1136/bcr-2015-211080.
(16) Pilmis B, Coignard-Biehler H, Jullien V, Hermine O, Touraine P, Lecuit M, et al. Iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome induced by posaconazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Nov;57(11):5727-8. DOI 10.1128/AAC.00416-13.
(17) Jones W, Chastain CA, Wright PW. Iatrogenic cushing syndrome secondary to a probable interaction between voriconazole and budesonide. Pharmacotherapy. 2014 Jul;34(7):e116-9. DOI 10.1002/phar.1432.
(18) Samer CF, Lorenzini KI, Rollason V, Daali Y, Desmeules JA. Applications of CYP450 testing in the clinical setting. Mol Diagn Ther. 2013 Jun;17(3):165-84. DOI 10.1007/s40291-013-0028-5.
(19) Oray M, Abu Samra K, Ebrahimiadib N, Meese H, Foster CS. Long-term side effects of glucocorticoids. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2016;15(4):457-65. DOI 10.1517/14740338.2016.1140743.
(20) Goodwin JE, Geller DS. Glucocorticoid-induced hypertension. Pediatr Nephrol. 2012 Jul;27(7):1059-66. DOI 10.1007/s00467-011-1928-4.
(21) Hwang YG, Saag K. The safety of low-dose glucocorticoids in rheumatic diseases: results from observational studies. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2015;22(1-2):72-82. DOI 10.1159/000362727.
(22) Ong SL, Whitworth JA. How do glucocorticoids cause hypertension: role of nitric oxide deficiency, oxidative stress, and eicosanoids. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2011 Jun;40(2):393-407. DOI 10.1016/j.ecl.2011.01.010.
(23) Luís M, Freitas J, Costa F, Buttgereit F, Boers M, Jap DS, Santiago T. An updated review of glucocorticoid-related adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2019 Jul;18(7):581-590. DOI 10.1080/14740338.2019.1615052.
(24) Ruyssen-Witrand A, Fautrel B, Saraux A, Le Loët X, Pham T. Cardiovascular risk induced by low-dose corticosteroids in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review. Joint Bone Spine. 2011 Jan;78(1):23-30. DOI 10.1016/j.jbspin.2010.02.040.
(25) Kwon S, Hermayer KL, Hermayer K. Glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia. Am J Med Sci. 2013 Apr;345(4):274-277. DOI 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e31828a6a01.
(26) Hwang JL, Weiss RE. Steroid-induced diabetes: a clinical and molecular approach to understanding and treatment. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2014 Feb;30(2):96-102. DOI 10.1002/dmrr.2486.
(27) Qin L, Zhu X, Liu X, Zeng M, Tao R, Zhuang Y, et al. Evaluation of lipid profile and its relationship with blood pressure in patients with Cushing’s disease. Endocr Connect. 2018 May;7(5):637-644. DOI 10.1530/EC-18-0010.
(28) Lovell AR, Ernst ME. Drug-Induced Hypertension: Focus on Mechanisms and Management. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2017 May;19(5):39. DOI 10.1007/s11906-017-0736-z.
(29) Hardy RS, Zhou H, Seibel MJ, Cooper MS. Glucocorticoids and Bone: Consequences of Endogenous and Exogenous Excess and Replacement Therapy. Endocr Rev. 2018 Oct 1;39(5):519-548. DOI 10.1210/er.2018-00097.
(30) Weinstein RS. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and osteonecrosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2012 Sep;41(3):595-611. DOI 10.1016/j.ecl.2012.04.004.
(31) Buckley L, Humphrey MB. Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2018 Dec 27;379(26):2547-2556. DOI 10.1056/NEJMcp1800214.
(32) Briot K, Cortet B, Roux C, Fardet L, Abitbol V, Bacchetta J, et al. 2014 update of recommendations on the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Joint Bone Spine. 2014 Dec;81(6):493-501. DOI 10.1016/j.jbspin.2014.10.001.
(33) Lekamwasam S, Adachi JD, Agnusdei D, Bilezikian J, Boonen S, Borgström F, et al. A framework for the development of guidelines for the management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2012 Sep;23(9):2257-76. DOI 10.1007/s00198-012-1958-1.
(34) Balasubramanian A, Wade SW, Adler RA, Lin CJF, Maricic M, O’Malley CD, et al. Glucocorticoid exposure and fracture risk in patients with new-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoporos Int. 2016 Nov;27(11):3239-49. DOI 10.1007/s00198-016-3646-z.
(35) Baranova IA, Ershova OB, Anaev EK, Anokhina TN, Anoshenkova ON, Batyn SZ, et al. [Analysis of the state-of-the-art of consulting medical care to patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis or its risk according to the data of a questionnaire survey (GLUCOST study)]. Ter Arkh. 2015;87(5):58-64. Russian. DOI 10.17116/terarkh201587558-64.
(36) Compston J. Management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: What is new? Int J Rheum Dis. 2019 Sep;22(9):1595-97. DOI 10.1111/1756-185X.13680.
(37) Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey EV. Guidance for the adjustment of FRAX according to the dose of glucocorticoids. Osteoporos Int. 2011 Mar;22(3):809-16. DOI 10.1007/s00198-010-1524-7.
(38) Buckley L, Guyatt G, Fink HA, Cannon M, Grossman J, Hansen KE, et al. 2017 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 Aug;69(8):1521-37. DOI 10.1002/art.40137.
(39) Lekamwasam S, Adachi JD, Agnusdei D, Bilezikian J, Boonen S, Borgström F, et al. A framework for the development of guidelines for the management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2012 Sep;23(9):2257-76. DOI 10.1007/s00198-012-1958-1.
(40) Compston J, Cooper A, Cooper C, Gittoes N, Gregson C, Harvey N, et al. UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Arch Osteoporos. 2017 Dec;12(1):43. DOI 10.1007/s11657-017-0324-5.
(41) Wallach S, Cohen S, Reid DM, Hughes RA, Hosking DJ, Laan RF, et al. Effects of risedronate treatment on bone density and vertebral fracture in patients on corticosteroid therapy. Calcif Tissue Int. 2000 Oct;67(4):277-85. DOI 10.1007/s002230001146.
(42) Reid DM, Devogelaer JP, Saag K, Roux C, Lau CS, Reginster JY, et al. Zoledronic acid and risedronate in the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (HORIZON): a multicentre, doubleblind, double-dummy, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 Apr 11;373(9671):1253-63. DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60250-6.
(43) Glüer CC, Marin F, Ringe JD, Hawkins F, Möricke R, Papaioannu N, et al. Comparative effects of teriparatide and risedronate in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in men: 18-month results of the Euro-GIOPs trial. J Bone Miner Res. 2013 Jun;28(6):1355-68. DOI 10.1002/jbmr.1870.
(44) Saag KG, Wagman RB, Geusens P, Adachi JD, Messina OD, Emkey R, et al. Denosumab versus risedronate in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, double-dummy, non-inferiority study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Jun;6(6):445-54. DOI 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30075-5.
(45) Saag KG, Emkey R, Schnitzer TJ, Brown JP, Hawkins F, Goemaere S, et al. Alendronate for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis Intervention Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1998 Jul 30;339(5):292-9. DOI 10.1056/NEJM199807303390502.
(46) Adachi JD, Saag KG, Delmas PD, Liberman UA, Emkey RD, Seeman E, et al. Two-year effects of alendronate on bone mineral density and vertebral fracture in patients receiving glucocorticoids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled extension trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Jan;44(1):202-11. DOI 10.1002/1529-0131(200101)44:1<202::AIDANR27>3.0.CO;2-W.
(47) Okada Y, Nawata M, Nakayamada S, Saito K, Tanaka Y. Alendronate protects premenopausal women from bone loss and fracture associated with high-dose glucocorticoid therapy. J Rheumatol. 2008 Nov;35(11):2249-54. DOI 10.3899/jrheum.080168.
(48) Wang YK, Zhang YM, Qin SQ, Wang X, Ma T, Guo JB, et al. Effects of alendronate for treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: A metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Oct;97(42):e12691. DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000012691.
(49) Hakala M, Kröger H, Valleala H, Hienonen-Kempas T, Lehtonen-Veromaa M, Heikkinen T, et al. Oncemonthly oral ibandronate provides significant improvement in bone mineral density in postmenopausal women treated with glucocorticoids for inflammatory rheumatic diseases: a 12-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Scand J Rheumatol. 2012 Aug;41(4):260-6. DOI 10.3109/03009742.2012.664647.
(50) Mok CC, Ying KY, To CH, Ho LY, Yu KL, Lee HK, et al. Raloxifene for prevention of glucocorticoid-induced bone loss: a 12-month randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 May;70(5):778-84. DOI 10.1136/ard.2010.143453.
(51) Miller PD, Hattersley G, Riis BJ, Williams GC, Lau E, Russo LA, et al. Effect of Abaloparatide vs Placebo on New Vertebral Fractures in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2016 Aug 16;316(7):722-33. DOI 10.1001/jama.2016.11136.
(52) Saag KG, Shane E, Boonen S, Marín F, Donley DW, Taylor KA, et al. Teriparatide or alendronate in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 15;357(20):2028-39. DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa071408.
(53) Allen CS, Yeung JH, Vandermeer B, Homik J. Bisphosphonates for steroid-induced osteoporosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Oct 5;10(10):CD001347. DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD001347.pub2.
(54) Toulis KA, Anastasilakis AD. Increased risk of serious infections in women with osteopenia or osteoporosis treated with denosumab. Osteoporos Int. 2010 Nov;21(11):1963-4. DOI 10.1007/s00198-009-1145-1.
(55) Anastasilakis AD, Toulis KA, Goulis DG, Polyzos SA, Delaroudis S, Giomisi A, et al. Efficacy and safety of denosumab in postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis: a systematic review and a meta-nalysis. Horm Metab Res. 2009 Oct;41(10):721-9. DOI 10.1055/s-0029-1224109.
(56) Beltrani VS, Barsanti FA, Bielory L. Effects of glucocorticosteroids on the skin and eye. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2005 Aug;25(3):557-80. DOI 10.1016/j.iac.2005.05.006.
(57) Caplan A, Fett N, Rosenbach M, Werth VP, Micheletti RG. Prevention and management of glucocorticoidinduced side effects: A comprehensive review: Gastrointestinal and endocrinologic side effects. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Jan;76(1):11-16. DOI 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.02.1239.
(58) Caplan A, Fett N, Rosenbach M, Werth VP, Micheletti RG. Prevention and management of glucocorticoid-induced side effects: A comprehensive review: Ocular, cardiovascular, muscular, and psychiatric side effects and issues unique to pediatric patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Feb;76(2):201-7. DOI 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.02.1241.
(59) Youssef J, Novosad SA, Winthrop KL. Infection Risk and Safety of Corticosteroid Use. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2016 Feb;42(1):157-76. DOI 10.1016/j.rdc.2015.08.004.
(60) Isidori AM, Minnetti M, Sbardella E, Graziadio C, Grossman AB. Mechanisms in endocrinology: The spectrum of haemostatic abnormalities in glucocorticoid excess and defect. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015 Sep;173(3):R101-13. DOI 10.1530/EJE-15-0308.
(61) Al-Khalaf AH, Khatri IA. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a patient with Cushings syndrome due to topical steroid. Neurosciences (Riyadh). 2016 Jan;21(1):75-6. DOI 10.17712/nsj.2016.1.20150534.
(62) Kalanie H, Harandi AA, Alidaei S, Heidari D, Shahbeigi S, Ghorbani M. Venous thrombosis in multiple sclerosis patients after high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone: the preventive effect of enoxaparin. Thrombosis. 2011;2011:785459. DOI 10.1155/2011/785459.
(63) Johannesdottir SA, Horváth-Puhó E, Dekkers OM, Cannegieter SC, Jørgensen JO, Ehrenstein V, et al. Use of glucocorticoids and risk of venous thromboembolism: a nationwide population-based case-control study. JAMA Intern Med. 2013 May 13;173(9):743-52. DOI 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.122.
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2021 Universidad de Antioquia
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Los artículos publicados en la revista están disponibles para ser utilizados bajo la licencia Creative Commons, específicamente son de Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.
Los trabajos enviados deben ser inéditos y suministrados exclusivamente a la Revista; se exige al autor que envía sus contribuciones presentar los formatos: presentación de artículo y responsabilidad de autoría completamente diligenciados.
