Tratamiento de la infección del virus de la hepatitis C: de la terapia con interferón a los antivirales de acción directa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.183Palabras clave:
Antivirales, Interferones, Respuesta Virológica Sostenida, VHC, Hepatitis CResumen
La infección por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) es un problema global de salud pública. Se estima que 58 millones de personas tienen infección crónica con riesgo de desarrollar cirrosis o carcinoma hepatocelular. Desde el descubrimiento del VHC en 1989, la búsqueda de un tratamiento para lograr el aclaramiento viral ha sido uno de los principales objetivos de investigación, por lo cual esta revisión se enfoca en los diferentes tratamientos para la infección por VHC. En los años 80 se iniciaron las terapias con interferón alfa, y posteriormente interferón alfa pegilado en monoterapia o en combinación con ribavirina; sin embargo, la respuesta viral sostenida (RVS) solo se lograba en un limitado porcentaje de los pacientes. En 2011 fueron aprobados los antivirales de acción directa (AAD) de primera generación, y en los últimos 10 años se han desarrollado nuevos AAD con tasas RVS superiores al 95 %. Sin embargo, recientemente se han reportado mutaciones asociadas a resistencia a los AAD, especialmente en los genotipos de VHC 1, subgenotipo 1a y 3. Es importante anotar que el aclaramiento viral luego del tratamiento con AAD no elimina el riesgo de carcinoma hepatocelular en pacientes con cirrosis hepática.
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