NADPH oxidase system: new challenges and perspectives

Abstract

The NADPH oxidase system is a multiprotein complex that acts as the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different cells and tissues. In phagocytic cells (mainly macrophages and neutrophils) it is essential for eliminating pathogenic microorganisms, by phagocytosis and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). It also contributes to inflammatory processes. Genetic defects in the components of the system cause alterations in the production of ROS by phagocytic cells, leading to the primary immunodeficiency known as chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). This is a review article on the components of the NADPH oxidase system, its cellular distribution, activation, mechanisms of action, and roles in other tissues. The different molecular defects that lead to EGC are also reviewed, as well as its treatment, including therapy with IFNγ, and the prospects for the study of the system.