Frequency of preoperative anxiety and associated factors in pregnant women scheduled to cesarean section
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.31Keywords:
anxiety, cesarean section, patient health questionnaire, preoperative periodAbstract
Objective: To estimate frequency of preoperative anxiety (PA) and associated factors in pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean section.
Methods: Cross sectional study in full term pregnant women without uterine activity and without medical, surgical or obstetric complications. Was carried out before elective cesarean section in Cartagena, Colombia. Anonymous and voluntary participation with informed consent. A sociodemographic characteristic form and the Spanish version of the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) were applied. Unadjusted logistic regression was performed to observe the association of the qualitative variables with PA and the correlation coefficient between the scores of the two subscales of the APAIS and the quantitative variables was estimated.
Results: 326 pregnant women were studied. Age 28,5±6,4 years; 7,9 % teenagers; 24,2 % primigravid, 81,9 % with previous cesarean section and 70,8 % without other previous surgery. 45,0 % reported not being in any way worried about surgery/anesthesia and 7,8 % wanted to know much more about the procedure. The frequency of PA and the need of much more information about surgery/anesthesia was 9,2 %. The number of relatives in the waiting room was negatively correlated with PA, rho: -0,127[CI 95 %: -0,232 to -0,019]. The need of much more information about surgery/anesthesia was associated with increased frequency of PA, OR:10,9 [CI 95 %: 4,54-26,36]. Also, civil status was associated: free union and separate respect to married, OR: 3,7[CI 95 %: 1,5-9,2] and OR: 4,4[CI 95 %: 1,0-19,3], respectively.
Conclusion: The frequency of PA before cesarean section was 9,2 %. The need of much more information about surgery/anesthesia, was associated ten times greater presence of PA and the number of relatives in the waiting room was negatively correlated with AP, but the size of the correlation coefficient was interpreted as negligible.
Downloads
References
(1.) Boyer P. Do anxiety and depression have a common pathophysiological mechanism? Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 2000;406):24-9.
(2.) Sierra JC, Ortega V, Zubeidat I. Ansiedad, angustia y estrés: tres conceptos a diferenciar. Rev Mal-Estar Subj. 2003;3(1):10-59.
(3.) Hernández Hernández AI, López Bascope AJ, Guzmán Sánchez JA. Nivel de ansiedad e información preoperatoria en pacientes programados para cirugía. Un estudio transversal descriptivo. Acta Med. 2016;14(1):6-11.
(4.) Olofsdotter S. Anxiety among adolescents: measurement, clinical characteristics, and influences of parenting and genetics. [Doctoral dissertation]. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet; 2017.
(5.) Hepp P, Hagenbeck C, Burghardt B, Jaeger B, Wolf OT, Fehm T, et al. Measuring the course of anxiety in women giving birth by caesarean section: a prospective study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2016;16:113. DOI 10.1186/s12884-016-0906-z.
(6.) Woldegerima YB, Fitwi GL, Yimer HT, Hailekiros AG. Prevalence and factors associated with preoperative anxiety among elective surgical patients at University of Gondar Hospital. Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2017. A cross-sectional study. IJSO. 2018;10:21-9. DOI
1016/j.ijso.2017.11.001.
(7.) Vergara-Romero M, Morales-Asencio JM, Morales-Fernández A, Canca-Sánchez JC, Rivas-Ruiz F, Reinaldo-Lapuerta JA. Validation of the Spanish version of the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2017;15(1):120.
(8.) Colombia. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia. Atlas de Variaciones Geográficas en Salud de Colombia. 2015 – Estudio piloto - Resultados de partos por cesárea [internet]. [Consultado 2019 jul 9]. Disponible: http://cort.as/-L7vQ
(9.) Organización Mundial de la Salud. Declaración de la OMS sobre tasas de cesárea [internet]. [Consultado 2019 jul 9]. Disponible: http://cort.as/-L7vd
(10.) Chen HH, Lai JC, Hwang SJ, Huang N, Chou YJ, Chien LY. Understanding the relationship between cesarean birth and stress, anxiety, and depression after childbirth: A nationwide cohort study. Birth. 2017;44(4):369-76. DOI 10.1111/birt.12295.
(11.) Wyatt SS, Jones DA, Peach MJ, Gurrin L. Anxiety in patients having caesarean section under regional anaesthesia: a questionnaire and pilot study. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2001;10(4):278-83. DOI 10.1054/ijoa.2001.0866.
(12.) World Medical Association. Declaración de Helsinki de la AMM - Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos [internet]. [Consultado 2019 jul 9]. Disponible: http://cort.as/-L7w2
(13.) Colombia. Ministerio de Salud de Colombia. Resolución número 8430 DE 1993. Normas científicas, técnicas y administrativas para la investigación en salud [internet]. [Consultado 2019 jul 9]. Disponible: http://cort.as/-IVzd
(14.) Mukaka MM. A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research. Malawi Med J. 2012;24(3):69-71.
(15.) Yilmaz M, Sezer H, Gürler H, Bekar M. Predictors of preoperative anxiety in surgical inpatients. J Clin Nurs. 2012;21(7-8):956-64. DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03799.x.
(16.) Wilson CJ, Mitchelson AJ, Tzeng TH, El-Othmani MM, Saleh J, Vasdev S, et al. Caring for the surgically anxious patient: a review of the interventions and a guide to optimizing surgical outcomes. Am J Surg. 2016;212(1):151-9. DOI 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.03.023.
(17.) Erkilic E, Kesimci E, Soykut C, Doger C, Gumus T, Kanbak O. Factors associated with preoperative anxiety levels of Turkish surgical patients: from a single center in Ankara. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2017;11:291-6. DOI 10.2147/PPA.S127342.
(18.) Matthias AT, Samarasekera DN. Preoperative anxiety in surgical patients - experience of a single unit. Acta anaesthesiol Taiwan. 2012;50(1):3-6. DOI 10.1016/j.aat.2012.02.004.
(19.) Jafar MF, Khan FA. Frequency of preoperative anxiety in Pakistani surgical patients. J Pak Med Assoc. 2009;59(6):359-63.
(20.) Maheshwari D, Ismail S. Preoperative anxiety in patients selecting either general or regional anesthesia for elective cesarean section. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2015;31(2):196-200. DOI 10.4103/0970-9185.155148.
(21.) Mokhtar AM, Elsakka AI, Ali HM. Premedication with midazolam prior to cesarean delivery in preeclamptic parturients: A randomized controlled trial. Anesth Essays Res. 2016;10(3):631-6. DOI 10.4103/0259-1162.191117.
(22.) Teena Bansal DA, Akanksha Joon MD. A comparative study to assess preoperative anxiety in obstetric patients undergoing elective or emergency cesarean section. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2017;21(1):25-30.
(23.) Sahin T, Gulec E, Sarac Ahrazoglu M, Tetiker S. Association between preoperative maternal anxiety and neonatal outcomes: a prospective observational study. J Clin Anesth. 2016;33:123-6. DOI 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.03.022.
(24.) Nigussie S, Belachew T, Wolancho W. Predictors of preoperative anxiety among surgical patients in Jimma University Specialized Teaching Hospital, South Western Ethiopia. BMC Surg. 2014;14:67. DOI 10.1186/1471-2482-14-67.
(25.) Schober P, Boer C, Schwarte LA. Correlation coefficients: appropriate use and interpretation. Anesth Analg. 2018;126(5):1763-8. DOI 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864.
(26.) Zarei M, Keyvan M, Hashemizadeh H. Assessing the Level of Stress and Anxiety in Family Members of Patients Hospitalized in the Special Care Units. Int. J. Rev. Life. Sci. 2015;5(11):118-22.
(27.) Fuchs-Tarlovsky V, Bejarano M, Álvarez K, Godoy M, Fernández NC. Efecto de la Presencia de los Familiares sobre la Depresión en Mujeres Hospitalizadas con Cáncer. Rev Venez Oncol. 2013;25(3):190-5.
(28.) Hobson JA, Slade P, Wrench IJ, Power L. Preoperative anxiety and postoperative satisfaction in women undergoing elective caesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2006;15(1):18-23. DOI 10.1016/j.ijoa.2005.05.008.
(29.) Gómez-Urquiza JL, Hueso-Montoro C, Urquiza-Olmo J, Ibarrondo-Crespo R, González-Jiménez E, Schmidt-Riovalle J. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of a photographic display with and without music on pre-operative anxiety. J Adv Nurs. 2016;72(7):1666-76. DOI 10.1111/jan.12937.
(30.) Eley VA, Searles T, Donovan K, Walters E. Effect of an anaesthesia information video on preoperative maternal anxiety and postoperative satisfaction in elective caesarean section: a prospective randomised trial. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2013;41(6):774-81. DOI 10.1177/0310057X1304100613.
(31.) World Health Organization. Appropriate technology for birth. Lancet. 1985; 326(8452):436-437.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Universidad de Antioquia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Papers published in the journal are available for use under the Creative Commons license, specifically Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International.
The papers must be unpublished and sent exclusively to the Journal Iatreia; the author uploading the contribution is required to submit two fully completed formats: article submission and authorship responsibility.
