Trasplantation of larynx and trachea: both a present and future option

Abstract

Lost functions of the larynx and the trachea may be restored by different means, but none of them is physiologic and patients are left with functional difficulties and self-esteem disorders that alter the quality of their lives.  Transplantation of these organs is an useful alternative but certain basic requirements concerning revascularization, reinnervation and immunosupression should be fulfilled.  The former has been achieved through the knowledge of vascular territories and the advances in surgical techniques.  Difficulties for reinnervation have no yet been thoroughly overcome but tone can be achieved in the vocal folds and functionality may be obtained by manipulation of their position.  Immunosupression is produced with cyclosporine which requirements were determined in experimental models.  The main reason for carrying out these and other transplantations is to improve the quality of life of persons who have suffered the loss of an organ.  A review is presented on important aspects that have to be taken into account when performing these transplantations.