Opioides en UCI pediátrica y neonatal: propuesta para su desmonte
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.253Palabras clave:
Analgésicos Opioides, Dolor Agudo, Enfermedad Iatrogénica, Reducción Gradual de Medicamentos, Síndrome de Abstinencia a Sustancias, Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico, Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo NeonatalResumen
Los opioides son considerados uno de los pilares del tratamiento para el dolor. Sin embargo, no se encuentran exentos de potenciales riesgos, como la abstinencia causada por su disminución rápida o cese abrupto. En la práctica clínica se observa un alto número de casos de abstinencia, y hay poblaciones más afectadas, como los niños y los pacientes críticamente enfermos.
Al considerar la importancia clínica de los opioides y la búsqueda permanente de minimizar sus efectos secundarios, se realizó esta actualización con el fin de revisar las propuestas existentes en la literatura y proponer una forma didáctica para realizar el retiro de opioides en población pediátrica y neonatal en unidades de cuidados intensivo. Como resultado surge la estrategia DESSMONTE, la cual es un acróstico que permite orientar sobre los ocho pasos esenciales para un cese organizado y predecible. La estrategia es flexible, lo que permitiría adaptarla a diferentes escenarios clínicos.
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