Atención y memoria de acuerdo con el uso del smartphone en adolescentes y jóvenes

Alejandra Sánchez Ceballos; Johny Cardona Castillo

doi:10.17533/udea.rp.e344565

Authors

Alejandra Sánchez Ceballos University Corporation Minute of God
Johny Cardona Castillo University Corporation Minute of God https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2964-0768

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rp.e344565

Keywords:

smartphone, sustained attention, colombian students, short-term memory , adolescents

Abstract

The objective of this scientific and technological research article was to establish an association between sustained attention, short-term memory and the use of the smartphone in students aged 15 to 19 years. The method used was non-experimental with a descriptive, comparative-correlational design, with a nonprobabilistic sample of n=100 participants, distributed by comparative groups according to age, sex, academic degree and the use of the smartphone. The instruments used were the subscales (attention and memory) of the Neuropsi battery and a self-made survey to assess the frequency of smartphone use. A significant non-causal association was found inversely between the use of this type of device and sustained attention; a direct relationship between sustained attention and short-term memory; as well as differences between groups. It is concluded that, the greater the use of the smartphone, the greater affectation in sustained attention; on the other hand, the greater sustained attention, the greater short-term memory, therefore, the use of the smartphone indirectly affects short term memory. Finally, the cognitive variables evaluated are modified according to sociodemographic factors such as gender, grade and age.

|Abstract

= 3087 veces | PDF (ESPAÑOL (ESPAÑA))

= 1688 veces|

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Alejandra Sánchez Ceballos, University Corporation Minute of God

Master in Neuropsychology and Education from the International University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain. Candidate for the title of Doctor of Psychology with orientation in Applied Cognitive Neuroscience. Professor, University Corporation Minute of God.

Johny Cardona Castillo, University Corporation Minute of God

Psychologist, University Corporation Minute of God, Bello, Colombia.

References

Aagaard, J. (2021). ‘From a Small Click to an Entire Action’: Exploring Students Anti-Distraction Strategies. Learning, Media and Technology, 46(3), 355-365.

https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2021.1896540

Abbasi, G. A., Jagaveeran, M., Goh, Y. N. & Tariq, B. (2021). The Impact of Type of Content Use on Smartphone Addiction and Academic Performance: Physical Activity as Moderator. Technology in Society, 64, artículo 101521. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHSOC.2020.101521

Aguilera-Manrique, G., Márquez-Hernández, V.V., Alcaraz-Córdoba, T., Granados-Gámez, G., Gutiérrez-Puertas, V. & Gutiérrez-Puertas, L. (2018). The Relationship Between Nomophobia and the Distraction Associated with Smartphone Use Among Nursing Students in Their Clinical Practicum. Plos One, 13(8), 1-14, artículo e0202953. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.

pone.0202953

Aguirre, F. A. (2016). Relación del Uso del Teléfono Inteligente en el Aula de Clase con la Atención y la Memoria. [Tesis de maestría, Universidad Internacional de la

Rioja]. Repositorio institucional Re-unir. https://reunir.unir.net/bitstream/

handle/123456789/4554/AGUIRRE%20TELLEZ%2C%20FABIO%20ANDRES.pdf?sequence=1

Arpaci, I. & Gundogan, S. (2020). Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience in the Relationship between mindfulness and Nomophobia. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2020.1856330

Asociación Británica de Neurociencias Alianza Europea dana para el cerebro (2008). Neurociencias. La ciencia del cerebro, una introducción para jóvenes estudiantes. La

Asociación Británica de Neurociencias.

Asociación Médica Mundial (2015, 5 de mayo). Declaración de Helsinki - Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos. https://www.wma.net/es/policies-post/declaracion-de-helsinki-de-la-amm-principios-eticos-para-las-

investigaciones-medicas-en-seres-humanos/

Atkinson, R. C. & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968). Human Memory: A Proposed System. Human Memory: A Proposed System and its Control Processes. (1st ed.), (pp. 92-158). University Stanford.

Bozak, D. (2006). Catholic High Schools Set Limits on Students’ Cell Phone Use. National Catholic Reporter, 42(23). https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-144873170/catholic-high-schools-set-limits-on-students-cell

Busch, P. A. & McCarthy, S. (2021). Antecedents and Consequences of Problematic Smartphone Use: A Systematic Literature Review of an Emerging Research Area. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2020.106414

Chen, Q. & Yan, Z. (2016). Does Multitasking with Mobile Phones Affect Learning? A review. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 34-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.047

Cho, S. & Lee, E. (2016). Distraction by Smartphone Use During Clinical Practice and Opinions about Smartphone Restriction Policies: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study of Nursing Students. Nurse Educ Today, 40, 128-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2016.02.021

Colegio Colombiano de Psicólogos (2009). Deontología y Bioética del ejercicio de la Psicología en Colombia. Colegio Colombiano de Psicólogos. https://www.infopsicologica.com/documentos/2009/Deontologia_libro.pdf

Congreso de Colombia (2006, 6 de septiembre). Ley 1090 de 2006 Por la cual se reglamenta el ejercicio de la profesión de Psicología, se dicta el Código Deontológico y Bioético y otras disposiciones. https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/

gestornormativo/norma.php?i=66205

Contreras, N. y Trejo, J. A. (2013). Manual para la Exploración Neurológica y las Funciones Cerebrales Superiores. (4a ed.). Manual Moderno.

Durak, H. Y. (2019). Investigation of Nomophobia and Smartphone Addiction Predictors Among Adolescents in Turkey: Demographic Variables and Academic Performance. The Social Science Journal, 56(4), 492-517.

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SOSCIJ.2018.09.003

Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C. & Hall, B. J. (2019). Problematic Smartphone use and Mental Health Problems: Current State of Research and Future Directions. Neurological Sciences, 1(32), 1-3.

https://doi.org/10.14744/DAJPNS.2019.00001

Elhai, J. D., Yang, H. & Montag, C. (2019). Cognitive- and Emotion-Related Dysfunctional Coping Processes: Transdiagnostic Mechanisms Explaining Depression and Anxiety’s Relations with Problematic Smartphone Use. Technology Addiction, 6(4), 410-417.

https://doi.org/10.1007/S40429-019-00260-4

Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., Fang, J., Bai, X. & Hall, B. J. (2020). Depression and Anxiety Symptoms are Related to Problematic Smartphone use Severity in Chinese Young Adults: Fear of Missing Out as a Mediator. Addictive Behaviors, 101,

artículo 105962.

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2019.04.020

Epalza, M. P., Río, J. P., Del Santiago, D. M., Pérez, L. C., Barrios, L. A. y De León, L. D. L. (2014). El uso de los smartphones y las relaciones interpersonales de los jóvenes universitarios en la ciudad de Barranquilla. Salud Uninorte, 30(3), 335-

http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/sun.30.3.5787Tindell, D. R., & Bohlander, R. W. (2012). The Use and Abuse of Cell Phones and Text Messaging in the Classroom: A Survey of College Students. College Teaching, 60, 1–9.

https://doi.org/10.1080/87567555.2011.604802

Fuenmayor, G. y Villasmil, Y. (2008). La percepción, la atención y la memoria como procesos cognitivos utilizados para la comprensión textual. Revista de artes y humanidades unica, 9(22), 187-202.

https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=170118859011

Gentina, E. & Rowe, F. (2020). Effects of Materialism on Problematic Smartphone Dependency Among Adolescents: The Role of Gender and Gratifications. International Journal of Information Management, 54, artículo 102134.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102134

Glass, A. L. & Kang, M. (2019). Dividing Attention in the Classroom Reduces Exam Performance. Educational Psychology, 39(3), 395-408.

https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2018.1489046

Gong, X., Zhang, K. Z. K., Cheung, C. M. K., Chen, C. & Lee, M. K. O. (2019). Alone or Together? Exploring the Role of Desire for Online Group Gaming in Players’ Social Game Addiction. Information & Management, 56(6), artículo 103139.

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IM.2019.01.001

González, A. y Ramos, J. (2006). La atención y sus alteraciones: Del cerebro a la conducta. Manual Moderno. https://books.google.com.co/ books?id=MJ59hywKArYC&pg=PR1&source=kp_read_button&redir_ esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

Gutiérrez-Puertas, L., Márquez-Hernández, V. V., Gutiérrez-Puertas, V., Granados- Gámez, G. & Aguilera-Manrique, G. The Effect of Cell Phones on Attention and Learning in Nursing Students. Comput Inform Nurs, 38(8), 408-414.

Doi:10.1097/CIN.0000000000000626

Hadar, A., Hadas, I., Lazarovits, A., Alyagon, U., Eliraz, D. & Zangen, A. (2017). Answering the Missed Call: Initial Exploration of Cognitive and Electrophysiological Changes Associated with Smartphone Use and Abuse. Plos

One, 12(7), 1-16.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5497985/

Hadlington, L. J. (2015). Cognitive Failures in Daily Life: Exploring the Link with Internet Addiction and Problematic Mobile Phone Use. Computers in Human Behavior, 51(Pt. A), 75-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.036

Jackson, M. & McKibben, B. (2018). Distracted: Reclaiming our Focus in a World of Lost Attention. United States. Prometheus Books. https://networks.h-net.org/node/GROUP_NID/pages/2274428/new-book-distracted-reclaiming-our-focus-world-lost-attention

Jaramillo, K. L., Navia, F. A. y Camacho, W. A. (2017). Niños y Adolescentes. Su dependencia de la tecnología móvil. Pertinencia Académica, (2), 57-68.

http://revistaacademica.utb.edu.ec/index.php/pertacade/article/view/17/17

Jodar, M. (Coord.), Redolar, D., Blázquez, J. L., González, B., Muñoz, E., Periañez, J. A. y Viejo, R. (2013). Capítulo ii. Neuropsicología de la memoria. Neuropsicología. (1a ed.). Editorial uoc.

https://www.academia.edu/15078054/Neuropsicolog%C3%ADa

Kaniaru, D., Karani, A. & Waithera, M. (2020). The Effect of Smartphones Use on Altering the Level of Attention and Learning Styles among Undergraduate Nursing Students in Kenya. Saudi Journal of Nursing and Health Care, 3(10),

-269.

https://doi.org/10.36348/SJNHC.2020.V03I10.001

Kim, S.-G., Park, J., Kim, H.-T., Pan, Z., Lee, Y. & McIntyre, R. S. (2019). The Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity in South Korean Adolescents. Annals

of General Psychiatry, 18(1), 1-8.

https://doi.org/10.1186/S12991-019-0224-8

Kuem, J., Ray, S., Hsu, P-F. & Khansa, L. (2020). Smartphone Addiction and Conflict: An Incentive-Sensitisation Perspective of Addiction for Information Systems. European Journal of Information Systems, 30(4), 403-424.

https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2020.1803154

Lee, S., McDonough, I. M., Mendoza, J. S., Brasfield, M. B., Enam, T., Reynolds, C. & Pody, B. C. (2020). Cellphone Addiction Explains How Cellphones Impair Learning for Lecture Materials. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 35, 123-135.

https://doi.org/10.1002/ACP.3745

Liebherr, M., Schubert, P., Antons, S., Montag, C. & Brand, M. (2020). Smartphones and Attention, Curse or Blessing? A Review on the Effects of Smartphone Usage on Attention, Inhibition, and Working Memory. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 1, 1-8, 100005.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2020.100005

López-Fernández, O., Honrubia-Serrano, L. & Freixa-Blanxart, M. (2012). Adaptación española del «Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale» para población adolescente. Adicciones, 24(2), 123-130.

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.104

Mahapatra, S. (2019). Smartphone addiction and associated consequences: role of loneliness and self-regulation. Behaviour & Information Technology, 38(8), 833-844.

https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2018.1560499

Manes, F. (2014). Usar el Cerebro. Planeta.

Marín, V., Sampedro, B. y Muñoz, J. M. (2015). ¿Son adictos a las redes sociales los estudiantes universitarios? Revista Complutense de Educación, 26(2015), 233-251.

https://helvia.uco.es/handle/10396/15860

Martín-Perpiñá, M., Viñas, F. & Malo, S. (2019). Media Multitasking Impact in Homework, Executive Function and Academic Performance in Spanish Adolescents. Psicothema, 31(1), 81-87.

http://www.psicothema.com/pdf/4518.pdf

Mendoza, J. S., Pody, B. C., Lee, S., Kim, M. & McDonough, I. M. (2018). The Effect of Cellphones on Attention and Learning: The Influences of Time, Distraction, and Nomophobia. Computers in Human Behavior, 86, 52-60.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.027

Ministerio de Salud Nacional (1993). Resolución 8430 de 1993. Por la cual se establecen las normas científicas, técnicas y administrativas para la investigación en salud.

https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/ride/de/dij/resolucion-8430-de-1993.pdf

Montag, C. & Becker, B. (2020). Internet and Smartphone Use Disorder in Asia. Addictive behaviors, 107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106380

Ostrosky, F., Gómez, E. M., Matute, E., Rosselli, M., Ardila, A. y Pineda, D. (2012). Neuropsi Atención y Memoria (2a ed.). Manual Moderno.

Pinos, N. Y., Hurtado, S. N. y Rebolledo, D. M. (2018). Uso del teléfono celular como distractor del proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje. Enfermería Investiga: Investigación, Vinculación, Docencia y Gestión, 3(4), 166-171.

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6726068

Portellano, J. A. (2005). Introducción a la neuropsicología (1st. ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Ralph, B., Thomson, D., Cheyne, J. & Smilek, D. (2014). Media Multitasking and Failures of Attention in Everyday Life. Psychological Research, 78, 661–669.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-013-0523-7

Rashid, T. & Muhammad, H. (2016). Technology Use, Self-Directed Learning, Student Engagement and Academic Performance: Examining the Interrelations. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 604-612.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.084

Redolar, D. (2012). Consolidación de la Memoria y Sustrato Nervioso del Refuerzo. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento, 4(2), 51-74. https://www.academia.edu/3309888/Consolidaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Memoria_y_Sustrato_

Nervioso_del_Refuerzo

Rosen, L. D., Carrier, L., Pedroza, J. A., Elias, S., O’Brien, K. M., Lozano, J., Kim, K., Cheever, N., Bentley, J. & Ruiz, A. (2018). The Role of Executive Functioning and Technological Anxiety (fomo) in College Course Performance as Mediated

by Technology Usage and Multitasking Habits. Psicología Educativa, 24(1), 14-25.

https://doi.org/10.5093/psed2018a3

Rozgonjuk, D. & Elhai, J. D. (2019). Emotion Regulation in Relation to Smartphone Use: Process Smartphone Use Mediates the Association between Expressive Suppression and Problematic Smartphone Use. Current Psychology, 3246-3255.

https://doi.org/10.1007/S12144-019-00271-4

Rozgonjuk, D., Sindermann, C., Elhai, J., Christensen, A. & Montag, C. (2020). Associations between Symptoms of Problematic Smartphone, Facebook, Whatsapp, And Instagram Use: An Item-Level Exploratory Graph Analysis

Perspective. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(3), 686-697.

https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00036

Saunders, C., Wiener, M., Klett, S. & Sprenger, S. (2017). The Impact of Mental Representations on ict-Related Overload in the Use of Mobile Phones. Journal of Management Information Systems, 34(3), 803-825.

https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2017.1373010

Soldatova, G., Chigarkova, S. & Dreneva, A. (2019). Features of Media Multitasking in School-Age Children. Behavioral Sciences, 9(12), 130.

https://doi.org/10.3390/BS9120130

Stanković, M., Nešić, M., Čičević, S. & Shi, Z. (2021). Association of Smartphone Use with Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Sleep Quality, and Internet Addiction. Empirical Evidence from a Smartphone Application. Personality and Individual

Differences, 168, artículo 110342.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110342

Sumuer, E. (2021). The Effect of Mobile Phone Usage Policy on College Students’ Learning. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 33, 281–295.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-020-09265-9

Sung, Y. T., Chang, K. E. & Liu, T. C. (2016). The effects of Integrating Mobile Devices with Teaching and Learning on Students’ Learning Performance: A Meta-Analysis and Research Synthesis. Computer & Education, 94, 252-275.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.11.008

Thomée, S. (2018). Mobile Phone Use and Mental Health. A Review of the Research That Takes a Psychological Perspective on Exposure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(12), 2692.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122692

Uriarte, V. (2013). Funciones Cerebrales y Psicopatología. (1a ed.). Alfil.

Villanueva, V. (2012). Programa de prevención del abuso y la dependencia del teléfono [Tesis doctoral, Universidad de Valencia].

http://roderic.uv.es/bitstream/handle/10550/36141/Tesis%20-%20Ver%C3%B3nica%20Villanueva%20Silvestre.pdf?sequence=1

Wallis, C. (2010). The Impacts of Media Multitasking on Children’s Learning & Development: Report from a Research Seminar. The Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop.

https://joanganzcooneycenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/mediamultitaskingfinal_030510.pdf

Wiradhany, W., van Vugt, M. K. & Nieuwenstein, M. R. (2019). Media Multitasking, Mind-Wandering, and Distractibility: A Large-Scale Study. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 82(3), 1112-1124.

https://doi.org/10.3758/S13414-019-01842-0

Yang, Z., Stanković, K. & Griffiths, M. D. (2018). An Exploration of Problematic Smartphone Use among Chinese University Students: Associations with Academic Anxiety, Academic Procrastination, Self-Regulation and Subjective

Wellbeing. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17, 596-614.

https://doi.org/10.1007/S11469-018-9961-1

Zarandona, J., Cariñanos-Ayala, S., Cristóbal-Domínguez, E., Martín-Bezos, J., Yoldi-Mitxelena, A. & Hoyos, I. (2019). With a Smartphone in One’s Pocket: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study on Smartphone Use, Distraction and

Restriction Policies in Nursing Students. Nurse Educ Today, 82, 67-73.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.08.001

Zheng, F., Gao, P., He, M., Li, M., Wang, C., Zeng, Q. y Zhang, L. (2014). Association between Mobile Phone Use and Inattention in 7102 Chinese Adolescents: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. bmc Public Health, 14(1022), 1-7.

https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1022