¿Cómo crean los seres humanos? Una aproximación neuropsicológica y neurobiológica a la creatividad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rp.v10n2a08Palabras clave:
Creatividad, Pensamiento, Intuición, Neuroimagen, Inteligencia.Resumen
El presente estudio pretende revisar las bases neuropsicológicas y neurobiológicas que subyacen al proceso de creatividad en el ser humano, considerando los resultados de estudios recientes sobre neuroanatomía funcional, genética y valoraciones neuropsicológicas. Mediante la reflexión crítica de estos resultados se pretende motivar al lector a la actualización de estos conocimientos, la aplicación de los mismos y la posible formulación de nuevas preguntas de investigación. De ese modo, la creatividad se puede medir con pruebas que incentivan el pensamiento divergente o el discernimiento interior. Los estudios de neuroimágenes funcionales aclaran con precisión las funciones cognitivas necesarias para la creatividad al localizarlas en estructuras cerebrales y demostrando su interrelación. Así pues, son útiles en el proceso de creatividad: la motivación, la apertura a lo novedoso, la inteligencia, la inspiración y la imaginación. Existen genes identificados que están relacionados con la creatividad. Igualmente, la creatividad se puede incentivar con la marcha, salidas al campo, ocio, reuniones multiculturales y el sueño. Los resultados expuestos en el presente estudio requieren replicación y análisis en contextos diferentes; así, se pueden abrir novedosas oportunidades de aplicación en muchas disciplinas y una apertura a nuevas preguntas de investigación sobre creatividad que permitan aclarar las bases funcionales y eventual traslación a la práctica cotidiana.
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