Puesta a punto de un método analítico mediante cromatografía de gases para la determinación del perfil lipídico en carnes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.13875Keywords:
Ácidos grasos, carne, derivatización, cromatografía de gasesAbstract
Antecedentes: La caracterización y cuantificación de perfiles lipídicos, por medio de cromatografía de gases, permite establecer las características nutricionales y propiedades funcionales de los ácidos grasos presentes en los alimentos. Sin embargo, en la determinación de perfiles lipídicos existen varias condiciones que afectan su cuantificación; además, en los métodos analíticos utilizados para la determinación de perfiles lipídicos en matrices cárnicas no se dispone de un consenso sobre las etapas de extracción y derivatización. Objetivos: Evaluar las mejores condiciones para la cuantificación de ésteres metílicos, variando la cantidad de muestra cárnica y el volumen de metóxido de sodio o trifluoruro de boro, empleados en la etapa de derivatización de un método analítico utilizado para la determinación de un perfil lipídico en carnes bovinas. Métodos: Las condiciones evaluadas fueron: el tipo y la cantidad de reactivos de derivatización (metóxido de sodio 250 µL y 500 µL; trifluoruro de boro 700 µL), cantidad inicial de muestras cárnica (3,0 y 6,0 g) y extracción de grasa según método Folch et al., 1957 (9). La derivatización de triglicéridos y metilación de ácidos grasos tuvo una reacción de 45 minutos para metóxido de sodio y 15 minutos para trifluoruro de boro. Finalmente, la cuantificación de los ésteres metílicos de los ácidos grasos se hizo con un cromatógrafo de gases Agilent 7890ª (Agilent, USA), empleando un detector FID. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p > 0,05) al comparar las combinaciones entre cantidades de muestras, tipo y volumen de reactivos de derivatización empleados. Se encontraron valores de esteres metílicos de ácidos grasos (%P/P) saturados de 58,694% ± 2, monoinsaturados de 33,999% ± 2,4 y poliinsaturados de 7,304% ± 2,8. Conclusiones: La cuantificación de los ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos en carne bovina por cromatografía de gases demostró ser eficiente y no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas al comparar la cantidad de muestra cárnica, el tipo de reactivo (metóxido de sodio o trifluoruro de boro) y volumen de reactivo empleados en la etapa de derivatización. La mayoría de los ácidos grasos cuantificados reportan valores similares para ese mismo tipo de posta cárnica.Downloads
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