Rivalries, conflicts and cooperation among the Toba women of western Formosa (Argentina). A dialogue with women's studies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.boan.6687Keywords:
Women's studies, Gender, Tobas, Matrilocality, Rivalry-cooperationAbstract
Abstract. In this article I analize the conflicts, rivalries and cooperation relations among Toba women from different extended families in west Formosa, Argentina, taking as an example two spheres of female action: the female competition for men (the old “women’s figths” ) and the women’s organization to commercialize their handcraft, at a supra familiar and supra-local level . It is my interest also to discuss the arguments of some representative works on “Women studies” back in the 1970’s that have considered different aspects of the “simple” societies’ (hunther-gatherer and horticulturalist societies) social organization to promote the development of strategies among the women to get power, influence, and authority. In this sense, and aiming at moving deeper into the analysis, I will consider the matrilocality implications including its relation with cooperation and solidarity relations at the intra-domestic level between women from the same extended family, and the rivalry and hostility between women from different extended families, which also include relations based on kinship and local residence.
Downloads
References
Arenas, Pastor (2003). Etnografía y alimentación entre los toba-nachilamole#ek y wichi lhuku’tas del Chaco Central (Argentina). Pastor Arenas, Buenos Aires.
Bourdieu, Pierre (1998). La dominación masculina. Anagrama, Barcelona.
Braunstein, José (1983). “Algunos rasgos de la organización social de los indígenas del Gran Chaco”. En: Trabajos de Etnología. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, N.o 2, pp. 13-107.
Brettell, Caroline y Sargent, Carolyn (2001). “Gender, household and kinship”. En: Brettell, Caroline y Sargent, Carolyn (eds.). Gender in Cross-Cultural Perspective. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, pp. 347-351.
Burbank, Victoria K. (1994). Fighthing women: anger and aggression in Aboriginal Australia. Uni-versity of California Press, Berkeley.Collier, Jane (1974). “Women in politics”. En: Rosaldo, Michelle Zimbalist y Lamphere, Louise (eds.). Woman, Culture and Society. Stanford University Press, Stanford, pp. 89-96.
Collier, Jane y Rosaldo, Michelle (1981). “Politics and gender in simple societies”. En: Ortner, Sherry y Whitehead, Harriet (eds.). Sexual Meanings. The cultural construction of gender and sexuality.Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 275-329.
Foucault, Michel (1992) Microfísica del poder. Ediciones de la piqueta, Madrid.
Gómez, Mariana (2007). “El cuerpo por asalto. La amenaza de la violencia sexual en el monte entre las mujeres tobas del oeste de Formosa”. En: Hirsch, Silvia (ed.). Mujeres indígenas en la Argentina. Cuerpo, trabajo y poder. Biblos, Buenos Aires, en prensa.
____________ (2006). “Representaciones y prácticas en torno a la menstruación y menarca entre mujeres tobas: entre la salud de las mujeres y la construcción social del género femenino”. En: Papeles de Trabajo, Rosario, N.o 14, pp. 9-51.
____________ (2004). “La demanda de las mujeres tobas por el acceso a métodos anticonceptivos. Un caso en la provincia de Formosa”. Ponencia presentada en el v i i Congreso Argentino de Antropología Social, Córdoba, 25 al 28 de mayo de 2004.
Goldsmith, Mary (1986). “Debates antropológicos en torno a los estudios sobre la mujer”. En: Nueva Antropología, México D. F., Vol. v i i i, N.o 30, pp. 147-172.
Gordillo, Gastón (2006) En el Gran Chaco. Antropologías e Historias. Prometeo Libros, Buenos Aires.
____________ (1992). “Cazadores-recolectores y cosecheros. Subordinación al capital y reproducción social entre los tobas del oeste de Formosa”. En: Trinchero, Hugo; Piccinini, Daniel Piccinini y Gordillo, Gastón (eds.). Capitalismo y grupos indígenas en el Chaco Centro-Occidental (Salta y Formosa). Centro Editor de América Latina; Buenos Aires, pp. 13-191.
Jackson, Michael (1983). “Knowledge of the body”. En: Man, N.o 18, pp. 327- 345.
Lamas, Marta (2000). “Género, diferencias de sexo y diferencia sexual”. En: Haydeé Birgin (dir.). Identidad femenina y discurso jurídico. Biblos, Buenos Aires, pp. 65-84.
____________ (1995). “Usos, dificultades y posibilidades de la categoría género”. [En línea] http://www.udg.mx/laventana/libr1/lamas.htm, consulta: 13 de diciembre de 2007.
Lamphere, Louise (2000). “The Domestic Sphere of Women and the Public World of Men: The Strengths and Limitations of an Anthropological Dichotomy”. En: Brettell, Caroline y Sargent, Carolyn (eds.). Gender in Cross-Cultural Perspective. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, pp. 100-109.
____________ (1974). “Strategies, Cooperation, and Conflict Among Women in Domestic Groups”. En: Rosaldo, Michelle Zimbalist y Lamphere, Louise (eds.). Woman, Culture and Society. Stanford University Press, Stanford, pp. 97-112.
Leake, Alfred (1933). “The Wearlike ways of toba women”. En: South American Missionary Society,Vol. l x v i i, N.o 758, pp. 114-116.
Leake, Olive, (1932). “Toba Mission Staff Notes”. En: South American Missionary Society, Vol. l x v i, N.o 745, pp. 93-94.
Lies, Nancy (1974). “Women in Groups: Ijaw Women’s Associations”. En: Rosaldo, Michelle Zimbalist y Lamphere, Louise (eds.). Woman, Culture and Society. Stanford University Press, Stanford, pp. 223 -242.
Lorrain, Claire (2001). “The Hierarchy Bias and the Equality Bias: Epistemological Considerations on the Analysis of Gender”. En: Rival, Laura y Whitehead, Neil (eds.). Beyond the visible and the material. The Amerindianization of society in the work of Peter Rivière. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 263- 272.
Karsten, Rafael (1932). The indian tribes of the Argentine and Bolivian Chaco. Societas Scientarum Fennica, Helsingfors.
McCallum, Cecilia (1998). “Alteridade e sociabilidade Kaxinauá: Perspectivas de uma antropologia da vida diária”. En: Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais, Vol. 13, N.o 38, pp. 127-136.
MacCormack, Carol y Strathern, Marilyn (1980). Nature, Culture and Gedner. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Meillasoux, Claude (1998) [1977]. Mujeres, graneros y capitales. Siglo XXI, Madrid.
Mendoza, Marcela (2002). Band Mobility and Leadership Among the Western Toba Hunter-Gatherers of the Argentine Chaco. The Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston.
Métraux, Alfred (1946). Myth of the Toba and Pilagá indians of the Gran Chaco. American Folklore Society, Philadelphia.
____________ (1944). “Estudios de etnografía chaquense”. En: Anales del Instituto de Etnografía Americana, tomo V, pp. 263-314.
____________ (1937). “Etudes d’Ethnographie Toba-Pilagá”. En: Anthropos, Vol. 32, pp. 171-194.
Minnello Martin, Nelson (2002). “Masculinidades. Un concepto en construcción”. En: Nueva Antro-pología, Vol. x v i i i, N.o 61, pp. 11-30
Ortner, Sherry B. y Whitehead, Harriet (eds.) (1981). Sexual Meanings. The cultural construction of gender and sexuality. Cambridge University Press, Nueva York.
Price, W. J. (1933). “The Tobas of Sombrero Negro”. En: South American Missionary Society, Vol. l x v i i, N.o 755, p. 81.
Reiter, Rayna (1975). Toward and Anthropology of Women. Rayna Reiter (ed.). Monthly Review Press, Nueva York/Londres.
Rival, Laura y Whitehead, Neil (2001). “Forty Years of Amazonian Anthropology: The Contribution of Peter Rivière”. En: Rival, Laura y Whitehead, Neil (eds.): Beyond the Visible and the Mate-rial. The Amerindianization of Society in the Work of Peter Rivière. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 1-18.
Rivière, Peter (1987). “Of Women, Men and Manioc”. En: Harald, S. y Frank, S. (eds.). Natives and Neighbors in South America. Anthropological Essays. Gothernburg: Ethnographic Museum, Göteborg, Sweeden, pp 179-201.
Rosaldo, Michelle (1974). “Women, Culture & Society: A Theoretical Overview”. En: Rosaldo, Michelle Zimbalist y Lamphere, Louise (eds.): Woman, Culture and Society. California: Stanford University Press, Stanford, pp. 17-42.
Rubin, Gayle (1986) [1975]. “El tráfico de mujeres: notas sobre la ‘economía política’ del sexo”. En: Nueva Antropología, Vol. v i i i, N.o 30, pp. 95-145.
Sanday, Peggy (1974). “Female Status in the Public Domain”. En: Rosaldo, Michelle Zimbalist y Lamphere, Louise (eds.): Woman, Culture and Society. California: Stanford University Press, Stanford, pp. 189-206.
Scott, Joan (1986). “Gender: a useful category of historical analysis”. En: American Historical Review,Vol. 91, N.o 5, pp. 17-50.
Segato, Rita (2003). Las estructuras elementales de la violencia. Ensayos sobre género entre la an-tropología, el psicoanálisis y los derechos humanos. Universidad Nacional de Quilmas, Buenos Aires.
Stølen, Anne Kristi (2004). La decencia de la desigualdad. Género y poder en el campo argentino.Antropofagia, Buenos Aires.
Tebboth, Tomas (1943). Diccionario Toba (Revista del Instituto de Antropología. Vol. 3, N.o 2. Instituto de Antropología, Tucumán.
Yanagisako, Sylvia y Collier, Jane (1994). “Gender and Kinship Reconsidered: Toward a Unified Analysis”. En: Borofsky, Robert (ed.), Assessing Cultural Anthropology. McGraw-Hill, NewYork, pp. 190–200.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2010 Boletín de Antropología
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in the Bulletin of Anthropology accept the following conditions:
- Authors retain copyright and yield the right of first publication to the journal, with the work registered with Creative Commons attribution license, which allows third parties to use what was published as long as the authorship of the work and the first publication in this magazine are mentioned.
- Authors can perform other independent and additional contractual arrangements for the non - exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this issue (E.g. Inclusion in an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as it is clearly indicated that the work was published for the first time in this magazine.
