Promoción de actividad física en niños y adolescentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.efyd.3084Palavras-chave:
Programas de promoción de la salud, Actividad física, Niños, Adolescentes.Resumo
La escuela como espacio de construcción social, es considerada un escenario fértil para intervenir sobre las condiciones de vida de niños, jóvenes y padres de familia, por ello ha sido el centro de múltiples programas diseñados desde perspectivas teóricas diversas, que van desde los enfoques biologistas hasta los enfoques de la medicina social, con la esperanza de impactar en las condiciones de la calidad de vida. El propósito de este estudio es analizar, identificar y comprender las directrices y las estrategias utilizadas, los agentes involucrados, la duración y el nivel de la intervención, que han orientado los programas de promoción de actividad física en niños y adolescentes en el contexto escolar. Se analizaron los diferentes estudios que desarrollaron programas de actividad física encaminada hacia la salud en el contexto escolar. La evidencia observada en los diferentes estudios indica un efecto positivo de los programas en el incremento de la actividad física de niños y adolescentes. A pesar de los resultados positivos obtenidos, se identificó heterogeneidad en la metodología, la población, en los actores involucrados y en los indicadores de eficacia, lo cual no permite realizar comparaciones entre los diferentes estudios. Es necesario que las futuras intervenciones involucren indicadores individuales y colectivos, que su acción sea de orden longitudinal e implicar a todos los actores que tienen diferentes niveles de incidencia en la consolidación de estas intervenciones.
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