Caries dental en los menores de veinte años en Colombia: un problema de salud pública
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.759Keywords:
Caries dental, salud bucalAbstract
A pesar de la reducción del índice promedio de dientes cariados, perdidos u obturados (CPO-C), la caries dental es el principal problema de salud bucal y una causa muy importante de morbilidad en niños colombianos. A los 7 años, 18% de los niños presentan como mínimo una lesión cariosa, 57% a los 12 años y 70.7% entre los 15 y 19 años en la detención primaria, 60,44% de los niños tiene historia de caries a los 5 años; en los menores los datos son limitados pese a la preocupación mundial por la magnitud del problema en la infancia temprana. La distribución muestra mayor prevalencia en las zonas rurales, regiones apartadas y grupos socioeconómicos desfavorecidos, lo cual sugiere determinantes que superan lo biológico.se acepta que la mejor opción a largo plazo es un enfoque preventivo. En Colombia se han implementado políticas de formación de recursos humanos, fluorización del agua, fluorización de la sal y programas escolares. La reforma al sistema de salud introduce nuevos retos y ha afectado programas existentes. Es necesario un cambio de actitud hacia la enfermedad: el reconocimiento de la salud bucal como parte de la salud general, la redefinición de grupos prioritarios, el establecimiento de programas tempranos de promoción y la investigación de nuevas estrategias.
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