Aproximación histórica al sistema de Neuronas Espejo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.291Palabras clave:
Empatía, Historia, Neurociencias, Neuronas EspejoResumen
Introducción: tres décadas después del descubrimiento de las neuronas espejo (NE) se mantiene el interés por comprender su funcionamiento como sistema y se consolida su impacto en la neurociencia, la biología, la medicina y la psicología. Los avances en la investigación del mecanismo del espejo han permitido nuevas formas de pensar en cómo se generan acciones propias y se interpretan las de otras personas.
Objetivos: revisar los antecedentes históricos del sistema de NE desde su descubrimiento hasta la actualidad.
Métodos: se realizó una revisión de literatura científica publicada en bases de datos, a partir del descubrimiento de las NE en 1992 hasta 2023.
Resultados: los hallazgos de las funciones de las NE han permitido comprender tanto aspectos positivos de las relaciones humanas y no humanas como algunas alteraciones de salud mental.
Conclusiones: investigaciones en este campo podrían ser prometedoras para el desarrollo de conductas prosociales que promuevan la convivencia saludable en diferentes escenarios. El entusiasmo inicial que se manifestó con el hallazgo de las NE se ha venido matizando progresivamente dando lugar a una perspectiva funcional, neurocientífica, que requiere de mayor evidencia sobre su utilidad terapéutica y su aplicabilidad en áreas del conocimiento diferentes a las ciencias de la salud.
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