Effect of apicidin, n-butanolic extract, and especioside on the expression of genes related to apoptosis in THP-1 cells
Keywords:
Apoptosis, Genetics, NeoplasmsAbstract
Introduction: Drug resistance and low selectivity towards cancer cells make it necessary to investigate alternative molecules based on natural compounds. The species Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC. contains molecules with antiproliferative activity, such as iridoids (especioside). These molecules may reduce the growth of cancer cells by influencing the expression of MAPK proteins, Bcl-2, and Bax, which are involved in apoptosis.
Objectives: To evaluate the expression of MAPK genes and proteins (p38, JNK, and ERK), Bcl-2, and Bax in THP-1 cells pre-treated with apicidin and exposed to the n-butanolic extract of T. rosea and especioside.
Methodology: The expression of MAPK kinases (p38, JNK, and ERK), Bax, and Bcl-2 was detected by Western blot in THP-1 cells pre-treated with apicidin and exposed to the extract and especioside. The expression of the MAPK14 (p38), Bax, and Bcl-2 genes was identified using RT-q-PCR.
Results: Apicidin, the evaluated extract, and especioside increased the expression of the MAPK14 and Bax genes. Especioside and apicidin increased the expression of p38 and JNK. Bax showed no significant differences compared to Bcl-2. The phosphorylation of p38 could be inhibited by molecules present in the extracts, such as flavonoids.
Conclusions: The extract and especioside increased the expression of the MAPK14 gene, and especioside phosphorylated p38, indicating that these are molecules that may be related to apoptotic effects in leukemia-derived cells.
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