Clinical and epidemiological round: journal club
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.v28n4a12Keywords:
acute kidney injury, AIDS, alcoholic hepatitis, antiretroviral therapy, beta lactams, cardiovascular surgical procedures, child development, fluoroquinolones, HIV, macrolides, pentoxifylline, pneumonia, prednisolone, umbilical cordAbstract
In this new edition of Ronda Clínica y Epidemiológica, five studies that we consider important in today´s clinical practice are analyzed. The RENALRIPC study, in which Zarbock et al., suggest that remote ischemic preconditioning previous to cardiovascular surgery reduces the risk of acute kidney injury. The CAP-START study, in which Postma et al., show that the use of monotherapy with beta-lactams was not inferior to their combination with macrolides or to the use of monotherapy with fluoroquinolones in reducing 90-days mortality in patients with community acquired pneumonia. The STOPAH study, in which neither pentoxifylline nor prednisolone demonstrated a significant effect in preventing 28-day mortality in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. Andersson et al., present a study which shows that delaying the clamping of the umbilical cord may lead to a superior cognitive development at the age of four, compared with those in which the clamping was done earlier. Finally, we include an extraordinary press report of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases regarding the START study, showing that the start of antiretroviral treatment in patients infected with HIV when the CD4+ cell count is higher than 500/µL significantly reduces the risk of adverse outcomes, when compared with those in which therapy is started when CD4+ cell count declined to 350/µL or less.
Downloads
References
(1.) Zarbock A, Schmidt C, Van Aken H, Wempe C, Martens S, Zahn PK, et al. Effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on kidney injury among high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015 Jun;313(21):2133-41. DOI 10.1001/jama.2015.4189.
(2.) Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Suppl. 2012 Mar;2:1-138.
(3.) Bellomo R, Kellum JA, Ronco C. Acute kidney injury. Lancet. 2012 Aug;380(9843):756-66. DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61454-2.
(4.) Chawla LS, Eggers PW, Star RA, Kimmel PL. Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease as interconnected syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jul;371(1):58-66. DOI 10.1056/NEJMra1214243.
(5.) Hansen MK, Gammelager H, Jacobsen CJ, Hjortdal VE, Layton JB, Rasmussen BS, et al. Acute Kidney Injury and Long-term Risk of Cardiovascular Events After Cardiac Surgery: A Population-Based Cohort Study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2015 Jun;29(3):617-25. DOI 10.1053/j.jvca.2014.08.020.
(6.) Wever KE, Menting TP, Rovers M, van der Vliet JA, Rongen GA, Masereeuw R, et al. Ischemic preconditioning in the animal kidney, a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e32296. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032296.
(7.) Pei H, Wu Y, Wei Y, Yang Y, Teng S, Zhang H. Remote ischemic preconditioning reduces perioperative cardiac and renal events in patients undergoing elective coronary intervention: a meta-analysis of 11 randomized trials. PLoS One. 2014 Dec;9(12):e115500. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0115500.
(8.) Hausenloy DJ, Yellon DM. Remote ischaemic preconditioning: underlying mechanisms and clinical application. Cardiovasc Res. 2008 Aug;79(3):377-86. DOI 10.1093/cvr/cvn114.
(9.) Postma DF, van Werkhoven CH, van Elden LJ, Thijsen SF, Hoepelman AI, Kluytmans JA, et al. Antibiotic treatment strategies for community-acquired pneumonia in adults. N Engl J Med. 2015 Apr;372(14):1312-23. DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa1406330.
(10.) Alcaldía de Medellín. Indicadores básicos 2011: Situación de Salud en Medellín. [Internet]. [consultado 2015 Jul 5]. Disponible en: https://www.medellin.gov.co/irj/go/km/docs/wpccontent/Sites/Subportal%20del%20Ciudadano/Salud/Secciones/Indicadores%20y%20Estad%C3%ADsticas/Documentos/2013/Indicadores%20básicos%20en%20salud/Indicadores%20Básicos%20en%20Salud%202011.pdf
(11.) Asociación Colombiana de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax (ACNCT); Asociación Colombiana de Medicina Crítica y Cuidado Intensivo (AMCI); Asociación Colombiana de Medicina Interna (ACMI); Asociación colombiana de infectología (ACIN). Guía de práctica clínica: Recomendaciones para el diagnóstico, trata-miento y prevención de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en adultos inmunocompetentes. In-fectio. 2013 Mar;17(Supl 1):1-38. DOI 10.1016/S0123-9392(13)70019-5.
(12.) Garin N, Genné D, Carballo S, Chuard C, Eich G, Hugli O, et al. β-Lactam monotherapy vs β-lactam-macrolide combination treatment in moderately severe community-acquired pneumonia: a rando-mized noninferiority trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Dec;174(12):1894-901. DOI 10.1001/jamainternmed. 2014.4887.
(13.) Thursz MR, Richardson P, Allison M, Austin A, Bowers M, Day CP, et al. Prednisolone or pentoxifylline for al-coholic hepatitis. N Engl J Med. 2015 Apr;372(17):1619-28. DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa1412278.
(14.) Mendenhall CL, Anderson S, Garcia-Pont P, Goldberg S, Kiernan T, Seeff LB, et al. Short-term and long-term survival in patients with alcoholic hepatitis treated with oxandrolone and prednisolone. N Engl J Med. 1984 Dec;311(23):1464-70.
(15.) O’Shea RS, Dasarathy S, McCullough AJ; Practice Guideline Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology. 2010 Jan;51(1):307-28. DOI 10.1002/hep.23258.
(16.) Potts JR, Goubet S, Heneghan MA, Verma S. Determinants of long-term outcome in severe alcoholic hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Sep;38(6):584-95. DOI 10.1111/apt.12427.
(17.) Singal AK, Salameh H, Singal A, Jampana SC, Freeman DH, Anderson KE, et al. Management practices of hepatitis C virus infected alcoholic hepatitis patients: A survey of physicians. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2013 May;4(2):16-22. DOI 10.4292/wjgpt.v4.i2.16.
(18.) Louvet A, Wartel F, Castel H, Dharancy S, Hollebecque A, Canva-Delcambre V, et al. Infection in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with steroids: early response to therapy is the key factor. Gastroenterology. 2009 Aug;137(2):541-8. DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.04.062.
(19.) Nguyen-Khac E, Thevenot T, Piquet MA, Benferhat S, Goria O, Chatelain D, et al. Glucocorticoids plus N-acetylcysteine in severe alcoholic hepatitis. N Engl J Med. 2011 Nov;365(19):1781-9. DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa1101214.
(20.) Andersson O, Lindquist B, Lindgren M, Stjernqvist K, Domellöf M, Hellström-Westas L. Effect of Delayed Cord Clamping on Neurodevelopment at 4 Years of Age: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pedia-tr. 2015 Jul;169(7):631-8. DOI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0358.
(21.) Gupta R, Ramji S. Effect of delayed cord clamping on iron stores in infants born to anemic mothers: a randomized controlled trial. Indian Pediatr. 2002 Feb;39(2):130-5.
(22.) Bakoyiannis I, Gkioka E, Daskalopoulou A, Korou LM, Perrea D, Pergialiotis V. An explanation of the pathophysiology of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in iron deficiency. Rev Neurosci. 2015 May. DOI 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0012.
(23.) McDonald SJ, Middleton P. Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Apr;(2):CD004074. DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD004074.pub2.
(24.) Mathai M, Gülmezoglu AM, Hill S. Saving womens lives: evidencebased recommendations for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage. Bull World Health Organ. 2007 Apr;85(4):322-3.
(25.) National Institutes of Health (NIH) [Internet]. Bethesda: NIH; 2015 [cited 2015 Jul 1]. Starting antiretroviral treatment early improves outcomes for HIV-infected individuals2015. Available from: http://www.nih.gov/news/health/may2015/niaid-27.htm
(26.) National Institutes of Health (NIH) [Internet]. Bethesda: NIH; 2011 [cited 2015 Jul 6]. NIH Study Examines Best Time for Healthy HIV-infected People to Begin Antiretrovirals. Available from: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/news/newsreleases/Archive/2011/Pages/START.aspx
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Iatreia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Papers published in the journal are available for use under the Creative Commons license, specifically Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International.
The papers must be unpublished and sent exclusively to the Journal Iatreia; the author uploading the contribution is required to submit two fully completed formats: article submission and authorship responsibility.
