Ronda clínica y epidemiológica: club de revistas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.v30n4a11Palabras clave:
hipotensión, traumatismos craneocerebrales, fluidoterapia, Azitromicina, periodo peripartio, infección, cervicometría, fibronectina fetal seriada, trabajo de parto prematuro, Evolocumab, LDL-Colestero, enfermedades cardiovasculares, accidente cerebrovascular, infarto del miocardioResumen
En esta edición de la Ronda Clínica y Epidemiológica analizamos cuatro artículos que consideramos relevantes para la práctica clínica. Spaite y colaboradores estudian por primera vez en la literatura médica el verdadero significado pronóstico de un valor exacto que defina hipotensión arterial pre-hospitalaria, en el contexto de la reanimación del paciente con trauma craneoencefálico moderado a grave. Oluwalana y colaboradores estudian el impacto de la administración oral de azitromicina durante el periparto en el riesgo de infecciones maternas y neonatales. Por otro lado, Esplin y colaboradores estudian la capacidad de la cervicometría y la fibronectina fetal seriada, solas o en combinación, para predecir la probabilidad de parto pretérmino espontáneo en gestantes nulíparas. Finalmente, el estudio del grupo FOURIER evalúa el efecto de la reducción de los niveles de colesterol LDL lograda con la administración de evolocumab, en pacientes con evidencia clínica de enfermedad cardiovascular que reciben tratamiento optimizado con estatinas, en el riesgo del desenlace compuesto por muerte cardiovascular, accidente cerebrovascular isquémico, infarto de miocardio u hospitalización por angina inestable o revascularización coronaria.
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(1.) Spaite DW, Bobrow BJ, Stolz U, Sherrill D, Chikani V, Barnhart B, et al. Evaluation of the impact of implementing the emergency medical services traumatic brain injury guidelines in Arizona: the Excellence in Prehospital Injury Care (EPIC) study methodology. Acad Emerg Med. 2014 Jul;21(7):818-30. DOI 10.1111/acem.12411.
(2.) Bárcena-Orbe A, Rodríguez-Arias CA, Rivero-Martín B, Cañizal-García JM, Mestre-Moreiro C, Calvo-Pérez JC, et al. Revisión del traumatismo craneoencefálico. Neurocirugía. 2006;17:495-518.
(3.) Carney N, Totten AM, O’Reilly C, Ullman JS, Hawryluk GW, Bell MJ, et al. Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Fourth Edition. Neurosurgery. 2017 Jan;80(1):6-15. DOI 10.1227/NEU.0000000000001432.
(4.) Algattas H, Huang JH. Traumatic Brain Injury pathophysiology and treatments: early, intermediate, and late phases post-injury. Int J Mol Sci. 2013 Dec;15(1):309-41. DOI 10.3390/ijms15010309.
(5.) Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, Tunçalp Ö, Moller AB, Daniels J, et al. Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014 Jun;2(6):e323-33. DOI 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70227-X.
(6.) Dolea C, Stein C. Evidence and information for policy: global burden of maternal sepsis in the year 2000 [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003. [cited 2017 Jun 10]. Available from: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/bod_maternalsepsis.pdf
(7.) World Health Organization. WHO recommendations for the prevention and treatment of maternal peripartum infections [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2015. [cited 2017 Jun 10]. Available from: http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/maternal_perinatal_health/peripartum-infections-guidelines
(8.) Oluwalana C, Camara B, Bottomley C, Goodier S, Bojang A, Kampmann B, et al. Azithromycin in Labor Lowers Clinical Infections in Mothers and Newborns: A Double-Blind Trial. Pediatrics. 2017 Feb;139(2). pii: e20162281. DOI 10.1542/peds.2016-2281.
(9.) Hassan SS, Romero R, Vidyadhari D, Fusey S, Baxter JK, Khandelwal M, et al. Vaginal progesterone reduces the rate of preterm birth in women with a sonographic short cervix: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Jul;38(1):18-31. DOI 10.1002/uog.9017.
(10.) Fonseca EB, Celik E, Parra M, Singh M, Nicolaides KH; Fetal Medicine Foundation Second Trimester Screening Group. Progesterone and the risk of preterm birth among women with a short cervix. N Engl J Med. 2007 Aug 2;357(5):462-9.
(11.) Norman JE, Marlow N, Messow CM, Shennan A, Bennett PR, Thornton S, et al. Vaginal progesterone prophylaxis for preterm birth (the OPPTIMUM study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2016 May;387(10033):2106-2116. DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00350-0.
(12.) Frey HA, Klebanoff MA. The epidemiology, etiology, and costs of preterm birth. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016 Apr;21(2):68-73. DOI 10.1016/j.siny.2015.12.011.
(13.) Bloom SL, Leveno KJ. Unproven Technologies in Maternal-Fetal Medicine and the High Cost of US Health Care. JAMA. 2017 Mar;317(10):1025-1026. DOI 10.1001/jama.2017.1218.
(14.) Esplin MS, Elovitz MA, Iams JD, Parker CB, Wapner RJ, Grobman WA, et al. Predictive Accuracy of Serial Transvaginal Cervical Lengths and Quantitative Vaginal Fetal Fibronectin Levels for Spontaneous Preterm Birth Among Nulliparous Women. JAMA. 2017 Mar;317(10):1047-1056. DOI 10.1001/jama.2017.1373.
(15.) Cunningham F, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Spong CY, Dashe JS, Hoffman BL, et al., editors. Preterm Labor. In: Williams Obstetrics [internet]. 24th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2013. [cited 2017 Jun 03]. Available from: http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1057§ionid=59789186
(16.) Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM); McIntosh J, Feltovich H, Berghella V, Manuck T. The role of routine cervical length screening in selected highand low-risk women for preterm birth prevention. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Sep;215(3):B2-7. DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.04.027.
(17.) Committee on Practice Bulletins—Obstetrics, The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 130: prediction and prevention of preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Oct;120(4):964-73.
(18.) World Health Organization. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014 [Internet]. 2014. [cited 2017 Jun 4]. Available from: http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-status-report-2014/en/
(19.) Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de la República de Colombia. Indicadores Básicos, 2013 [Internet]. Bogotá: MinSalud; 2013 [consultado 2017 Jun 4]. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/ED/PSP/Indicadoresbasicos-salud-2013.pdf
(20.) Stamler J, Wentworth D, Neaton JD. Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356,222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). JAMA. 1986 Nov;256(20):2823-8.
(21.) Anderson TJ, Grégoire J, Pearson GJ, Barry AR, Couture P, Dawes M, et al. 2016 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Adult. Can J Cardiol. 2016 Nov;32(11):1263-1282. DOI 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.510.
(22.) Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH, Bairey Merz CN, Blum CB, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Jul;63(25 Pt B):2889-934. DOI 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.002. Erratum in: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015 Dec;66(24):2812. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Jul;63(25 Pt B):3024-3025.
(23.) Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G, Wiklund O, Chapman MJ, Drexel H, et al. 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J. 2016 Oct;37(39):2999-3058.
(24.) Turner T, Stein EA. Non-statin Treatments for Managing LDL Cholesterol and Their Outcomes. Clin Ther. 2015 Dec;37(12):2751-69. DOI 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.09.004.
(25.) Stein EA, Raal FJ. New therapies for reducing lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2014 Dec;43(4):1007-33. DOI 10.1016/j.ecl.2014.08.008.
(26.) Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Wiviott SD, Raal FJ, Blom DJ, Robinson J, et al. Efficacy and safety of evolocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2015 Apr;372(16):1500-9. DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa1500858.
(27.) U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves Repatha to treat certain patients with high cholesterol [internet]. Maryland: FDA; 2015. [cited 2017 Jun 4]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/newsevents/newsroom/pressannouncements/ucm460082.htm
(28.) Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC, Honarpour N, Wiviott SD, Murphy SA, et al. Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med. 2017 May;376(18):1713-22. DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa1615664.
(29.) Giugliano RP, Mach F, Zavitz K, et al. Primary results of EBBINGHAUS, a cognitive study of patients enrolled in the FOURIER trial. American College of Cardiology 2017 Scientific Sessions; March 18, 2017; Washington, DC. Abstract 17-LB-16161-AC.
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