Proceso de gasificación de biomasa: una revisión de estudios teórico – experimentales

Autores/as

  • Juan Pérez Universidad de Antioquia
  • David Borge Simelec S.L.
  • John Agudelo Universidad de Antioquia

Palabras clave:

gasificación, biomasa, lecho fijo, lecho fluidizado, energías renovables

Resumen

La situación energética y medioambiental mundial hace que la generación de energía mediante sistemas basados en energías renovables tome cada vez una mayor relevancia. Estos sistemas tienen una doble ventaja ya que posibilitan la diversificación energética y reducen la dependencia del petróleo a la vez que se disminuyen las emisiones globales de CO2. La biomasa es uno de los recursos energéticos con mayor potencial tanto en países desarrollados como emergentes pero sigue sin sufrir el desarrollo esperado. La gasificación de biomasa es uno de los sistemas con gran potencial ya que permite la generación tanto de energía térmica como eléctrica, mediante tecnologías de bajo costo como los gasificadores de lecho fijo (potencias medias - bajas), o reactores de lecho fluidizado con tecnología más exigente y con mayorcapacidad de generación. La transformación de la biomasa en un combustible gaseoso, aprovechable en motores de combustión interna alternativos o en turbinas de gas como combustible, exige que la biomasa atraviese varios procesos termoquímicos, compuestos por reacciones endotérmicas (secado, devolatilización y reducción) y exotérmicas (oxidación de volátiles y carbón). La selección de un gasificador requiere conocer las propiedades de la biomasa, mientras que el diseño del mismo exige conocer el fenómeno termoquímico por completo. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una revisión actualizada de los diferentes planteamientos tanto teóricos como experimentales desarrollados para estudiar el proceso de gasificación de biomasa, tanto en lecho fijo como en lecho fluidizado, con miras a diseñar gasificadores de biomasa.
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Publicado

2013-03-07

Cómo citar

Pérez, J., Borge, D., & Agudelo, J. (2013). Proceso de gasificación de biomasa: una revisión de estudios teórico – experimentales. Revista Facultad De Ingeniería Universidad De Antioquia, (52), 95–107. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/ingenieria/article/view/14808

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