La homocisteína y la enfermedad cardiovascular
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.penh.17868Palabras clave:
homocisteína, hiperhomocisteinemia, factores de riesgo, enfermedad cardiovascularResumen
de Framingham reconoció la homocisteína (Hcy) como un posible factor de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) y en el año 2003 lo declaró como factor de riesgo "emergente". La hiperhomocisteinemia se define como el aumento de los niveles plasmáticos de Hcy total (unida a proteínas más fracción libre), por encima de 15 μmol/L y se clasifica en tres niveles de severidad, moderado de 15-30 μmol/L, intermedio de 31-100 μmol/L y severo mayor de 100 μmol/L. La hiperhomocisteinemia puede producirse por una deficiencia enzimática en alguno de los pasos de su metabolismo, también se puede presentar por bajos niveles plasmáticosdel ácido fólico y las vitaminas B6 y/o B12. La insuficiencia renal puede ser otra causa, debido a que el riñón es la ruta para eliminar la Hcy del plasma. La suplementación dietaria con ácido fólico reduce lasconcentraciones de Hcy en sangre en un 25%, la suplementación con vitamina B12 en un 7%, mientras que la suplementación con vitamina B6 no tiene efecto en esta disminución. Un estilo de vida saludable, una dieta balanceada con un moderado consumo de café y alcohol y dejar de fumar, contribuye en la reducción de los niveles plasmáticos de Hcy.Descargas
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